Marcus S E, Emont S L, Corcoran R D, Giovino G A, Pierce J P, Waller M N, Davis R M
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Public Health Rep. 1994 Jan-Feb;109(1):125-34.
The 1990 Smoking Activity Volunteer Executed Survey collected information on a wide range of policy-relevant issues concerning public attitudes about cigarette smoking. These issues include cigarette taxes, advertising restrictions, minors' access to tobacco products, school-based prevention, and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in workplaces and public areas. Survey data were collected during the spring and summer months of 1990 from random samples of adults from Arizona, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Texas. Telephone interviews were conducted by trained American Cancer Society volunteers using standardized questionnaires. Cluster sampling techniques, interviewer training and supervision, and data collection procedures were designed in conformity with the methodology of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking prevalence ranged from a low of approximately 20 percent in Texas to a high of 31 percent in Michigan. Between 60 and 69 percent of the respondents in the four States, including between 44 and 71 percent of current smokers, believe tobacco should be classified as a drug. Around 65 percent of the respondents would support an extra tax on tobacco to finance public campaigns against smoking, and between 61 percent and 69 percent favor banning cigarette advertising in the print media and on billboards. More than 82 percent of the respondents believe that stronger laws should be enacted to prevent the sale of tobacco products to minors, and more than 86 percent believe that existing laws should be better enforced. Current smokers were only slightly less likely than were former and never smokers to indicate support of policy changes to prevent minors'access to tobacco products; the two groups had somewhat more disagreement in the amount of support for the other smoking control policies.Finally, although between 62 and 88 percent of working respondents reported the presence of smoking restrictions at their workplace, between 26 and 48 percent still reported being bothered by smoking at work.These study findings suggest that existing smoking control policies are not restrictive enough or are inadequately enforced. The study documents strong public concern in the four States about the in adequacy of current policies and support for the enactment of stronger legislation to control smoking behavior.
1990年吸烟活动志愿者执行情况调查收集了一系列与政策相关的信息，这些信息涉及公众对吸烟的态度。这些问题包括香烟税、广告限制、未成年人获取烟草制品、学校预防以及工作场所和公共场所的环境烟草烟雾暴露。调查数据于1990年春夏季从亚利桑那州、密歇根州、宾夕法尼亚州和得克萨斯州的成年随机样本中收集。由训练有素的美国癌症协会志愿者使用标准化问卷进行电话访谈。整群抽样技术、访谈员培训与监督以及数据收集程序的设计符合疾病控制与预防中心行为风险因素监测系统的方法。吸烟率从得克萨斯州的约20%的低点到密歇根州的31%的高点不等。四个州中60%至69%的受访者，包括44%至71%的当前吸烟者，认为烟草应被归类为毒品。约65%的受访者支持对烟草征收额外税款以资助反对吸烟的公共活动，61%至69%的受访者赞成禁止在印刷媒体和广告牌上做香烟广告。超过82%的受访者认为应制定更严格的法律以防止向未成年人销售烟草制品，超过86%的受访者认为现有法律应得到更好的执行。当前吸烟者表示支持防止未成年人获取烟草制品的政策变化的可能性仅略低于曾经吸烟者和从不吸烟者；两组在对其他吸烟控制政策的支持程度上存在更多分歧。最后，尽管62%至88%的在职受访者报告其工作场所有吸烟限制，但仍有26%至48%的受访者报告在工作时受到吸烟的困扰。这些研究结果表明，现有的吸烟控制政策限制不够或执行不力。该研究记录了四个州公众对当前政策不足的强烈关注以及对制定更严格立法以控制吸烟行为的支持。
