Hersey P
Royal Newcastle Hospital, Australia.
Curr Opin Oncol. 1993 Nov;5(6):1049-54. doi: 10.1097/00001622-199311000-00017.
Attempts to treat cancer by stimulation of cell-mediated responses in the host (active immunotherapy) or by adoptive transfer of lymphocytes remain the major areas of research in biologic therapy for cancer. Focus in adoptive immunotherapy has swung decisively from transfer of lymphokine-activated killer cells together with interleukin-2 to transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or lymphocytes activated against tumor cells by various procedures and transfected or not with cytokine genes. These treatment approaches are applicable only in major cancer research centers, and they have not yet been proven to be more effective than stimulation of host immune responses with vaccines or cytokines, or both. Immunotherapy with tumor cells transfected with cytokine genes is a promising new approach to active immunotherapy, which is providing new insights into cellular responses to tumors. Increased attention is being given to the role of tumor-derived inhibitors of immune responses, which may limit the effectiveness of cellular therapy. Future treatments may need to block these tumor-derived inhibitors and provide effective cell-mediated responses against tumors.
通过刺激宿主的细胞介导反应（主动免疫疗法）或过继转移淋巴细胞来治疗癌症的尝试，仍然是癌症生物治疗的主要研究领域。过继免疫疗法的重点已果断地从将淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞与白细胞介素-2一起转移，转向转移肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞或通过各种程序激活的、针对肿瘤细胞的淋巴细胞，这些淋巴细胞有无转染细胞因子基因均可。这些治疗方法仅适用于主要的癌症研究中心，而且尚未被证明比用疫苗或细胞因子或两者刺激宿主免疫反应更有效。用转染了细胞因子基因的肿瘤细胞进行免疫治疗是主动免疫疗法一种有前景的新方法，它为细胞对肿瘤的反应提供了新的见解。人们越来越关注肿瘤来源的免疫反应抑制剂的作用，这可能会限制细胞疗法的有效性。未来的治疗可能需要阻断这些肿瘤来源的抑制剂，并提供针对肿瘤的有效的细胞介导反应。
