Des Jarlais D C, Friedman S R
Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, N.Y.
Bull Narc. 1993;45(1):61-75.
The paper identifies and reviews some critical issues in the field of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission among intravenous drug users. First, it discusses political denial and compartmentalization of the problem, giving an example from the United States that illustrates the lack of a coherent national strategy. It then reviews the role that stereotypes play in policy-making and points out that behaviour change can be considerable, giving details of successful safer injection programmes. The conditions that foster injection as a mode of ingesting drugs are reviewed, as in the role of drug trans-shipment patterns, particularly as a possible conduit of HIV. Finally, the role of prisons as places for the spread of HIV, and therefore for its prevention, is discussed.
该论文识别并回顾了静脉吸毒者中人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）传播领域的一些关键问题。首先，它讨论了对该问题的政治否认和分割处理，以美国为例说明了缺乏连贯的国家战略。接着，它回顾了刻板印象在政策制定中所起的作用，并指出行为改变可能相当可观，还详细介绍了成功的更安全注射计划。文中还回顾了促使注射成为吸毒方式的条件，以及毒品转运模式的作用，特别是其作为HIV可能传播渠道的作用。最后，讨论了监狱作为HIV传播场所及其预防方面所起的作用。
