Reich E, Hiller K A
Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dental School Regensburg, Germany.
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1993 Dec;21(6):379-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1993.tb01103.x.
The purpose of this study was to collect information on the main causes of tooth loss in the western states of Germany as perceived by dentists and their patients. Sixty-eight dentists, out of 80 that were selected with a systematic random method for an epidemiological study in the western states of Germany, recorded their reason for tooth extraction. Included in the study were only extractions of permanent teeth during a period of 2 weeks (March 1990), up to a maximum of 20 patients per dentist. Of 926 returned questionnaires, 882 could be evaluated. In all 1215 teeth in 882 patients were extracted. The extraction of third molars was included as a reason, when caries, periodontal reasons and others were not indicated. Caries was the reason given for 20.7% of all extractions; periodontal diseases for 27.3%; caries and periodontal reasons for 18.7%; third molars for 14.7%; prosthetic reasons for 11.2%; orthodontic reasons for 4.1%; trauma for 0.4% and others for 2.9%. While caries is a major reason in all age groups, periodontal diseases and the combination of caries and periodontal reasons are more frequent than all other reasons for the age groups beyond 40 or 45 yr, respectively. The third molar was the most often extracted tooth. The patients were asked for their main reason for tooth extraction. For the patients, pain was the major reason for extraction (47.2%). According to the participating dentists periodontal disease is the most frequent cause of tooth extraction for people over 40 yr of age, while for those below 40 yr of age, caries and third molar extractions are the most frequent reasons.
本研究的目的是收集德国西部各州牙医及其患者所认为的牙齿缺失的主要原因的信息。在德国西部各州进行的一项流行病学研究中，通过系统随机方法从80名牙医中选取了68名，他们记录了拔牙原因。该研究仅纳入了1990年3月为期2周内的恒牙拔除情况，每位牙医最多纳入20名患者。在926份回收的问卷中，882份可以进行评估。882名患者共拔除了1215颗牙齿。当未提及龋齿、牙周疾病及其他原因时，第三磨牙拔除被列为原因之一。所有拔牙原因中，龋齿占20.7%；牙周疾病占27.3%；龋齿和牙周疾病共同原因占18.7%；第三磨牙占14.7%；修复原因占11.2%；正畸原因占4.1%；外伤占0.4%；其他占2.9%。虽然龋齿是所有年龄组牙齿缺失的主要原因，但牙周疾病以及龋齿和牙周疾病共同原因分别在40岁或45岁以上年龄组中比其他所有原因更为常见。第三磨牙是最常被拔除的牙齿。研究询问了患者拔牙的主要原因。对患者而言，疼痛是拔牙的主要原因（47.2%）。据参与研究的牙医称，牙周疾病是40岁以上人群拔牙最常见的原因，而对于40岁以下人群，龋齿和第三磨牙拔除是最常见的原因。
