Fiore M C, Kenford S L, Jorenby D E, Wetter D W, Smith S S, Baker T B
Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison.
Chest. 1994 Feb;105(2):524-33. doi: 10.1378/chest.105.2.524.
To assess the effectiveness of transdermal nicotine therapy for smoking cessation and suppression of withdrawal severity in conjunction with two different adjuvant counseling treatments.
Two independent randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trials.
Smoking cessation clinic.
Eighty-eight (study 1) and 112 (study 2) adult volunteers motivated to quit smoking.
Eight weeks of 22-mg transdermal nicotine therapy with group counseling (study 1); 4 weeks of 22 mg followed by 2 weeks of 11-mg transdermal nicotine therapy with brief individual counseling (study 2).
Modified point prevalence (7 consecutive days of nonsmoking) at the end of patch treatment and 6 months after treatment initiation was assessed by self-report and biochemically confirmed; survival analyses were also conducted for both studies to compare treatment efficacy. Also, we examined the impact of the nicotine patch on specific withdrawal symptoms (anger, anxiety, awakening, difficulty concentrating, depression, hunger, impatience, and craving).
Transdermal nicotine treatment produced higher cessation rates at the end of treatment than did placebo with both adjuvant counseling interventions: 59 percent vs 40 percent (p < 0.05 in study 1) and 37 percent vs 20 percent (p < 0.05 in study 2), respectively. Smoking cessation efficacy was maintained 6 months after initiation of treatment: 34 percent vs 21 percent (p = 0.08 in study 1) and 18 percent vs 7 percent (p = 0.05 in study 2). Survival analyses also revealed significant group differences in efficacy in both studies. Nicotine patches also suppressed a variety of withdrawal symptoms, including craving in the first weeks after patients quit smoking.
Transdermal nicotine effectively augments smoking cessation rates with two different types of counseling treatment. Overall, the nicotine patch approximately doubles the sustained rate of smoking cessation. Additionally, the nicotine patch provides relief from some tobacco withdrawal symptoms.
评估经皮尼古丁疗法联合两种不同辅助咨询治疗对戒烟及减轻戒断症状严重程度的有效性。
两项独立的随机安慰剂对照双盲试验。
戒烟诊所。
88名（研究1）和112名（研究2）有戒烟意愿的成年志愿者。
22毫克经皮尼古丁疗法联合团体咨询，为期8周（研究1）；22毫克治疗4周，随后11毫克经皮尼古丁疗法联合简短个体咨询，为期2周（研究2）。
通过自我报告和生化确认评估贴片治疗结束时及治疗开始后6个月的修正时点患病率（连续7天不吸烟）；两项研究均进行生存分析以比较治疗效果。此外，我们还研究了尼古丁贴片对特定戒断症状（愤怒、焦虑、觉醒、注意力不集中、抑郁、饥饿、不耐烦和渴望）的影响。
在两种辅助咨询干预下，经皮尼古丁治疗在治疗结束时的戒烟率均高于安慰剂：分别为59%对40%（研究1中p<0.05）和37%对20%（研究2中p<0.05）。治疗开始后6个月，戒烟效果得以维持：分别为34%对21%（研究1中p=0.08）和18%对7%（研究2中p=0.05）。生存分析也显示两项研究在疗效上存在显著的组间差异。尼古丁贴片还能减轻多种戒断症状，包括患者戒烟后最初几周的渴望。
经皮尼古丁与两种不同类型的咨询治疗联合使用能有效提高戒烟率。总体而言，尼古丁贴片使持续戒烟率几乎翻倍。此外，尼古丁贴片能缓解一些烟草戒断症状。
