Shimp C P, Fremouw T, Ingebritsen L M, Long K A
Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112.
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1994 Jan;20(1):96-107.
Pigeons chose between green side keys, then waited a shorter or longer time before pecking a center key, and finally chose between red side keys. Two successive left choices (to green and then red) with a shorter wait intervening, or 2 successive right choices with a longer wait intervening, were intermittently reinforced with food. The 2 required waiting times and the relative frequency of reinforcement for the shorter reinforced pattern were varied. Molar preference, defined in terms of coherent responses that satisfied the molecular reinforcement contingency, conformed to the highly adaptive matching level, but molar preference, defined in terms of incoherent responses, did not. The molar matching result therefore generalizes to responses with complex molecular structures provided that analyses distinguish between coherent and incoherent responses. The results are compatible with the idea that awareness can facilitate adaptation.
鸽子在绿色侧键之间做出选择，然后在啄中央键之前等待较短或较长的时间，最后在红色侧键之间做出选择。两次连续向左的选择（先选绿色再选红色）且中间间隔较短的等待时间，或者两次连续向右的选择且中间间隔较长的等待时间，会间歇性地得到食物强化。两种所需的等待时间以及较短强化模式的相对强化频率是变化的。从满足分子强化偶然性的连贯反应角度定义的总体偏好符合高度适应性的匹配水平，但从不连贯反应角度定义的总体偏好则不然。因此，只要分析能区分连贯反应和不连贯反应，总体匹配结果就能推广到具有复杂分子结构的反应中。这些结果与意识能促进适应性这一观点相符。
