Brenes A, Marquardt R R, Guenter W, Rotter B A
Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
Poult Sci. 1993 Dec;72(12):2281-93. doi: 10.3382/ps.0722281.
The effects of adding crude enzyme preparations to diets containing raw, autoclaved, and dehulled lupin seeds on the performance of broiler and Leghorn chicks (7 to 21 days) were evaluated in five experiments. In the first experiment, enzyme addition (combination of Energex-carbohydrase, Bio-Feed Pro-protease, and Novozyme-alpha-galactosidase) to a diet containing 70% raw lupins improved the weight gain and feed to gain ratio of broiler chicks by 18 and 10%, respectively. The relative intestinal length and gizzard weight also were reduced by enzyme treatment. In the second experiment, the optimum concentration of enzymes was determined in diets containing 50% raw lupins. Bio-Feed Pro at 3% increased weight gains by 24% and the feed to gain ratio by 11%, whereas a combination of three enzymes at .10% of each yielded respective improvements of 18 and 9%. In Experiment 3, the AME and protein digestibility of dehulled lupin seeds were increased by 18 and 7% compared with those for raw seeds. Autoclaving (20 min) significantly (P < .05) improved chick performance and AME and protein digestibility of raw seeds. In the fourth experiment, autoclaving (15 min), dehulling, and a combination of both improved weight gains by 11, 15, and 8% and feed to gain ratios by 4, 11, and 6%, respectively. Enzyme addition improved the performance of birds fed raw, but not autoclaved lupin diets. In the fifth experiment, dehulling and enzyme treatment but not autoclaving (20 min) improved the performance of birds fed diets containing 50% lupins. The relative weight of gizzard was reduced by both treatments but that of the pancreas was affected only by enzyme treatment. Overall, enzyme supplementation of raw lupin diets considerably improved chick performance. Dehulling of lupins also improved chick performance with results for autoclaved lupins being inconsistent.
在五项试验中评估了向含有生的、经高压灭菌的和去皮羽扇豆种子的日粮中添加粗酶制剂对肉仔鸡和来航鸡雏鸡（7至21日龄）生产性能的影响。在第一项试验中，向含有70%生羽扇豆的日粮中添加酶（Energex - 碳水化合物酶、Bio - Feed Pro - 蛋白酶和诺维信 - α - 半乳糖苷酶的组合），肉仔鸡雏鸡的体重增加和料重比分别提高了18%和10%。酶处理还降低了相对肠长度和砂囊重量。在第二项试验中，确定了含有50%生羽扇豆的日粮中酶的最佳浓度。3%的Bio - Feed Pro使体重增加提高了24%，料重比提高了11%，而三种酶各占0.10%的组合分别使体重增加和料重比提高了18%和9%。在试验3中，与生种子相比，去皮羽扇豆种子的AME和蛋白质消化率分别提高了18%和7%。高压灭菌（20分钟）显著（P < 0.05）提高了雏鸡生产性能以及生种子的AME和蛋白质消化率。在第四项试验中，高压灭菌（15分钟）、去皮以及两者结合分别使体重增加提高了11%、15%和8%，料重比提高了4%、11%和6%。添加酶提高了采食生羽扇豆日粮但非经高压灭菌羽扇豆日粮的鸡的生产性能。在第五项试验中，去皮和酶处理而非高压灭菌（20分钟）提高了采食含有50%羽扇豆日粮的鸡的生产性能。两种处理均降低了砂囊的相对重量，但胰腺的相对重量仅受酶处理的影响。总体而言，向生羽扇豆日粮中添加酶显著改善了雏鸡生产性能。羽扇豆去皮也改善了雏鸡生产性能，经高压灭菌的羽扇豆的结果则不一致。
