Stoffer T H
Max-Planck-Institut für psychologische Forschung, München, Germany.
Psychol Res. 1993;56(1):14-25. doi: 10.1007/BF00572129.
The time course of attentional zooming between the levels of hierarchically structured compound stimuli (level-specific covert orienting of attention) is explored experimentally. The experiment compares the RT-SOA functions of voluntarily and involuntarily initiated level-specific reorienting within a cost-benefit experiment using level-specific cues. With respect to the two modes of initiation, the results reveal no functional differences between attention shift and attentional zooming. Both can be initiated either voluntarily or involuntarily, the latter mode dominating the former; for both, involuntary initiation produces faster reorienting of attention than does voluntary initiation, and for both, involuntary initiation is more effective than voluntary initiation. However, the time needed to complete attentional orienting is about twice as long for zooming than for shifts. This quantitative difference suggests that there is a functional difference between level-specific and horizontal covert orienting. The difference is explained by postulating that zooming and attention shifts differ in the number of parameter sets that have to be adjusted in the reorienting of attention. The experiment also reveals that attentional zooming to the local level needs more time than does zooming to the global level. This result gives some support to the hypothesis that the RT difference between global and local identifications (Navon's global-dominance phenomenon) is due to an additional step in the course of reorienting attention away from the global level (which is usually attended to first) to the local level, when this level is to be identified.
通过实验探究了在层次结构复合刺激水平之间进行注意力缩放的时间进程（特定水平的注意力隐蔽定向）。该实验在一个使用特定水平线索的成本效益实验中，比较了自愿和非自愿启动的特定水平重新定向的反应时-刺激启动间隔（RT-SOA）函数。关于两种启动模式，结果显示注意力转移和注意力缩放之间没有功能差异。两者都可以自愿或非自愿启动，后一种模式占主导地位；对于两者而言，非自愿启动比自愿启动能使注意力更快地重新定向，并且对于两者来说，非自愿启动比自愿启动更有效。然而，完成注意力定向所需的时间，缩放比转移大约长两倍。这种数量上的差异表明特定水平和水平方向的隐蔽定向之间存在功能差异。这种差异的解释是假设在注意力重新定向过程中，缩放和注意力转移在必须调整的参数集数量上有所不同。该实验还表明，与缩放至全局水平相比，缩放至局部水平需要更多时间。这一结果为以下假设提供了一些支持：全局和局部识别之间的反应时差异（纳冯的全局优势现象）是由于在将注意力从通常首先关注的全局水平重新定向到要识别的局部水平的过程中增加了一个步骤。
