Ryynänen O P, Kivelä S L, Honkanen R, Laippala P, Saano V
University of Kuopio, Public Health Research Institute, Finland.
Scand J Soc Med. 1993 Dec;21(4):264-71. doi: 10.1177/140349489302100406.
Diseases and medications associated with the occurrence of falls leading to medical treatment in elderly Finns (65 yrs or older) during a one-year period are presented. The design was that of a case-control study involving 380 fallers seeking medical treatment and 342 unmatched controls selected randomly from the population register. The occurrence of a fall was shown by logistic regression analysis to be related to advanced age, presence of benzodiazepine in the serum, hypertrophy of the prostate, poor mental capacity, presence of chronic lung disease and asthma, use of analgesics and use of digitalis in the men, and to advanced age, poor mental capacity, presence of benzodiazepine in the serum, use of analgesics and non-occurrence of lower limb arthrosis in the women. The corresponding log-linear models showed advanced age and the presence of benzodiazepine in the serum to be independent risk factors for falling both in the men and women. Furthermore, the use of analgesics was related to falling in the women with normal mental capacities. No disease was independently associated with falls. The results suggest caution in the use of benzodiazepines among the elderly.
本文呈现了在一年时间里，与芬兰老年人（65岁及以上）因跌倒而就医相关的疾病和药物。该研究采用病例对照研究设计，纳入380名因跌倒寻求治疗的患者，并从人口登记册中随机选取342名不匹配的对照。逻辑回归分析显示，跌倒的发生与高龄、血清中存在苯二氮䓬、前列腺肥大、智力低下、慢性肺病和哮喘的存在、使用镇痛药以及男性使用洋地黄有关，而在女性中，跌倒与高龄、智力低下、血清中存在苯二氮䓬、使用镇痛药以及下肢关节病未发生有关。相应的对数线性模型显示，高龄和血清中存在苯二氮䓬是男性和女性跌倒的独立危险因素。此外，在智力正常的女性中，使用镇痛药与跌倒有关。没有疾病与跌倒独立相关。结果表明，老年人使用苯二氮䓬时应谨慎。
