Hartman E G
Tijdschr Diergeneeskd. 1977 Jan 1;102(1):45-52.
Leptospirosis is one of the most widely distributed zoonoses. Dogs are the pets in which leptospirosis is most common. The use of diagnostic laboratory procedures is discussed. During the first seven days of the disease, leptospires may be detected in the blood and organs; after the seventh day, they are detectable in the kidney and possibly also in the urine. Examination of the serum for antibodies is possible after the first week of the disease. A clinical diagnosis is often hard to establish. Unlike what used to be the case, infections with L. icterohaemorrhagiae are more common today than those with L. canicola. Infections are more common in male dogs than they are in bitches. In addition to antibiotic therapy, preferably consisting in administration of penicillin and streptomycin, symptomatic treatment is useful. Vaccination should be performed in the spring. Dog are probably of minor importance as a source of human infection in the Netherlands.
钩端螺旋体病是分布最广泛的人畜共患病之一。狗是最常感染钩端螺旋体病的宠物。文中讨论了诊断实验室程序的应用。在疾病的头七天内，血液和器官中可能检测到钩端螺旋体；七天后，可在肾脏中检测到，尿液中也可能检测到。疾病第一周后可检测血清中的抗体。临床诊断往往很难确立。与过去不同的是，如今感染出血性黄疸钩端螺旋体比感染犬型钩端螺旋体更为常见。雄性犬的感染比雌性犬更常见。除了抗生素治疗（最好使用青霉素和链霉素）外，对症治疗也很有用。疫苗接种应在春季进行。在荷兰，狗作为人类感染源的重要性可能较小。
