Goldstein A M, Reynolds W F, Terry R
Urology. 1977 Jan;9(1):79-82. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(77)90292-8.
Malignant epithelial tumors of the penis often present aspects which make difficult an accurate clinical and pathologic diagnosis. Frequently, repeated biopsies yield a benign diagnosis while the tumor continues to progress and sections through it indicate malignant components. It is suggested that epithelial tumors of the penis may consist, in many instances from their start, of a mixture of benign and malignant elements in ratios varying from one extreme to the other. This may explain why biopsies are frequently misleading, yielding a benign result while, in fact, the tumor is malignant.
阴茎恶性上皮性肿瘤常呈现出一些特征，使得准确的临床和病理诊断变得困难。通常，反复活检结果为良性，而肿瘤却持续进展，对其进行切片检查显示存在恶性成分。有人提出，阴茎上皮性肿瘤在许多情况下从一开始可能就由良性和恶性成分混合组成，其比例从一个极端到另一个极端各不相同。这或许可以解释为什么活检常常会产生误导，给出良性结果，而实际上肿瘤却是恶性的。
