Perkell J S, Matthies M L, Svirsky M A, Jordan M I
Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1993 May;93(5):2948-61. doi: 10.1121/1.405814.
Articulatory and acoustic data were used to explore the following hypothesis for the vowel /u/: The objective of articulatory movements is an acoustic goal; varying and reciprocal contributions of different articulators may help to constrain acoustic variation in achieving the goal. Previous articulatory studies of similar hypotheses, expressed entirely in articulatory terms, have been confounded by interdependencies of the variables being studied (e.g., lip and mandible displacements). One case in which this problem may be minimized is that of lip rounding and tongue-body raising (formation of a velo-palatal constriction) for the vowel /u/. Lip rounding and tongue-body raising should have similar acoustic effects for /u/, mainly to lower F2. In multiple repetitions, reciprocal contributions of lip rounding and tongue-body raising could help limit F2 variability for /u/; thus this experiment looked for complementary covariation (negative correlations) in measures of these two parameters. An electro-magnetic midsagittal articulometer (EMMA) was used to track movements of midsagittal points on the tongue body, upper and lower lips, and mandible for large numbers of repetitions of utterances containing /u/. (Interpretation of the data was aided by results from area-function-to-formant modeling.) Three of four subjects showed weak negative correlations, tentatively supporting the hypothesis; a fourth showed the opposite pattern: positive correlations of lip rounding and tongue raising. The results are discussed with respect to ideas about motor equivalence, the nature of speech motor programming, and potential improvements to the paradigm.
发音和声学数据被用于探究关于元音/u/的以下假设：发音动作的目标是一个声学目标；不同发音器官的变化和相互作用可能有助于在实现目标的过程中限制声学变化。以往对类似假设的发音研究完全用发音术语表述，却因所研究变量之间的相互依存关系（如嘴唇和下颌的位移）而混淆不清。在一个案例中，这个问题可能会被最小化，即元音/u/的嘴唇圆撮和舌体抬高（形成腭咽缩窄）。嘴唇圆撮和舌体抬高对/u/应该有相似的声学效果，主要是降低F2。在多次重复中，嘴唇圆撮和舌体抬高的相互作用可能有助于限制/u/的F2变异性；因此，本实验寻找这两个参数测量中的互补协变（负相关）。使用电磁矢状面关节运动测量仪（EMMA）对包含/u/的发音进行大量重复，以跟踪舌体、上下嘴唇和下颌矢状面上点的运动。（数据解释借助面积函数到共振峰建模的结果）。四个受试者中有三个显示出微弱的负相关，初步支持了该假设；第四个显示出相反的模式：嘴唇圆撮和舌体抬高呈正相关。将结合运动等效性、言语运动编程的本质以及该范式的潜在改进等观点来讨论这些结果。
