Godges J J, MacRae P G, Engelke K A
Phys Ther. 1993 Jul;73(7):468-77. doi: 10.1093/ptj/73.7.468.
The purposes of this study were (1) to examine the effects of a passive hip extension stretching exercise program on hip extension range of motion (ROM), (2) to examine the effects of a trunk flexor exercise program on trunk flexor muscle performance, and (3) to examine the effects of passive hip extension stretching or trunk flexor exercises on walking and running economy. ("Gait economy" is defined as the steady-state oxygen consumption per unit of body weight required to walk or run at a specified velocity.)
Twenty-five healthy, athletic, male college students (mean age = 21 years, mean weight = 75 kg, mean height = 172 cm) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a control group (n = 7), a hip extension stretching group (n = 9), or a trunk flexor exercise group (n = 9).
Before and after 3 weeks of intervention, the following measurements were obtained: right and left hip extension ROM, trunk flexor muscle performance, and walking and running economy. A three x two-way (groups x test sessions) analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures for unequal subject numbers was performed on each of the five dependent measures, with analysis of simple main effects applied when significant interactions were found.
The ANOVA on right and left hip extension ROM revealed a significant interaction. Analyses of simple main effects showed that 3 weeks (six sessions) of passive hip extension stretching significantly improved right hip extension ROM (pretest = -20.4 degrees, posttest = -8.3 degrees) and left hip extension ROM (pretest = -16.8 degrees, posttest = -7.0 degrees). There also was a significant interaction for trunk flexor muscle performance. The analysis of simple main effects revealed that 3 weeks of daily trunk flexor exercises significantly improved trunk flexor muscle performance (pretest = 41.5 degrees, posttest = 60.4 degrees). The 3-week intervention program of hip extension stretching or trunk flexion exercises, however, did not produce significant changes in walking or running economy.
The results suggest that (1) six treatment sessions of passive stretching were sufficient to improve hip extension ROM; (2) 3 weeks of exercises performed daily improved trunk flexor muscle performance; and (3) training of isolated tasks, such as hip flexibility or trunk strengthening activities, did not produce the desired outcome in the economy of walking or running. Possible reasons for the results are discussed.
本研究的目的包括：（1）检验被动髋关节伸展拉伸锻炼计划对髋关节伸展活动范围（ROM）的影响；（2）检验躯干屈肌锻炼计划对躯干屈肌肌肉性能的影响；（3）检验被动髋关节伸展拉伸或躯干屈肌锻炼对步行和跑步经济性的影响。（“步态经济性”定义为以特定速度行走或跑步时每单位体重的稳态耗氧量。）
25名健康、爱运动的男性大学生（平均年龄 = 21岁，平均体重 = 75千克，平均身高 = 172厘米）被随机分为三组之一：对照组（n = 7）、髋关节伸展拉伸组（n = 9）或躯干屈肌锻炼组（n = 9）。
在3周干预前后，进行了以下测量：左右髋关节伸展ROM、躯干屈肌肌肉性能以及步行和跑步经济性。对五个因变量中的每一个进行了三×双向（组×测试阶段）方差分析（ANOVA），用于不等样本量的重复测量，当发现显著交互作用时应用简单主效应分析。
对左右髋关节伸展ROM的方差分析显示存在显著交互作用。简单主效应分析表明，3周（六次训练）的被动髋关节伸展拉伸显著改善了右髋关节伸展ROM（预测试 = -20.4度，后测试 = -8.3度）和左髋关节伸展ROM（预测试 = -16.8度，后测试 = -7.0度）。躯干屈肌肌肉性能也存在显著交互作用。简单主效应分析显示，3周的每日躯干屈肌锻炼显著改善了躯干屈肌肌肉性能（预测试 = 41.5度，后测试 = 60.4度）。然而，为期3周的髋关节伸展拉伸或躯干屈曲锻炼干预计划并未使步行或跑步经济性产生显著变化。
结果表明：（1）六次被动拉伸治疗疗程足以改善髋关节伸展ROM；（2）每日进行3周锻炼可改善躯干屈肌肌肉性能；（3）孤立任务的训练，如髋关节灵活性或躯干强化活动，在步行或跑步经济性方面未产生预期效果。对结果的可能原因进行了讨论。
