Nagata S
Department of Mental Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyusyu, Japan.
J UOEH. 1993 Jun 1;15(2):161-71. doi: 10.7888/juoeh.15.161.
It is commonly known that psychosocial stress influences the immune system. Recent progress in neuroscience and immunology has elucidated the mechanism of stress induced immune changes, as well as brain-immune interactions. Numerous studies suggest that psychosocial stress increases the susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections. Stressful life events, inappropriate coping behavior and disturbed emotional states are associated with decreased phagocytosis, reduced lymphocyte response to mitogen, diminished natural killer cell activity, and with the risk of developing neoplasm. There is increasing evidence for a bidirectional communication system between the immune system and the brain through common receptors and biologically active substances such as cytokines and neuropeptides. Research has demonstrated the direct regulatory effect of the autonomic nervous system on the immune system, as well as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. It has also been shown that immune and allergic reactions can be classically conditioned, cytokines have an effect on the central nervous system, and that lymphocytes can produce neuropeptides. In this article, stress induced immune changes and brain-immune interactions are reviewed and discussed using pertinent literature, including studies by the authors.
众所周知，心理社会应激会影响免疫系统。神经科学和免疫学的最新进展已经阐明了应激诱导免疫变化的机制以及脑-免疫相互作用。大量研究表明，心理社会应激会增加对细菌和病毒感染的易感性。应激性生活事件、不适当的应对行为和情绪状态紊乱与吞噬作用降低、淋巴细胞对有丝分裂原的反应减少、自然杀伤细胞活性降低以及患肿瘤的风险有关。越来越多的证据表明，免疫系统和大脑之间通过共同受体以及细胞因子和神经肽等生物活性物质存在双向通信系统。研究已经证明了自主神经系统对免疫系统以及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的直接调节作用。还表明免疫和过敏反应可以经典条件化，细胞因子对中枢神经系统有影响，并且淋巴细胞可以产生神经肽。在本文中，我们使用相关文献，包括作者的研究，对应激诱导的免疫变化和脑-免疫相互作用进行了综述和讨论。
