Perna F M, Schneiderman N, LaPerriere A
Department of Sport Behavior, School of Physical Education, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA.
Int J Sports Med. 1997 Mar;18 Suppl 1:S78-83. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-972703.
In terms of cardiovascular, endocrine and immune responses, acute high-intensity aerobic exercise stress may be considered as a subcategory of stressful active coping. The cardiorespiratory responses of both include increases in heart rate, cardiac output, systolic blood pressure, skeletal muscle vasodilation and oxygen consumption. Neurohormonal responses include increases in catecholamines as well as elevations in cortisol under high but relatively low sympathetic activation. Immune system responses include increases in natural killer (NK) cell number and cytotoxicity and suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes as well as decreased proliferative response to mitogens. Task and recovery periods for both acute psychological stress or exercise show biphasic changes in immune response such that immune status is negatively impacted during recovery. Chronic life stressors influence acute cardiovascular, endocrine and immune responses to acute stressors. In addition, both chronic stress and unusually heavy chronic exercise can negatively impact immune status. Given impaired immune status following chronic stress and interactive effects of acute and chronic stressors (e.g. blunted acute NK responses to acute stressors), it is suggested that these factors may extend the window of vulnerability for infectious agents to act following acute psychological (e.g. examinations) or strenuous exercise (competitive athletics) stressors.
在心血管、内分泌和免疫反应方面，急性高强度有氧运动应激可被视为应激性主动应对的一个子类别。两者的心肺反应均包括心率加快、心输出量增加、收缩压升高、骨骼肌血管舒张和耗氧量增加。神经激素反应包括儿茶酚胺增加以及在较高但相对较低的交感神经激活状态下皮质醇升高。免疫系统反应包括自然杀伤（NK）细胞数量和细胞毒性增加以及抑制性/细胞毒性淋巴细胞增加，以及对有丝分裂原的增殖反应降低。急性心理应激或运动的任务期和恢复期均显示免疫反应呈双相变化，即在恢复期免疫状态受到负面影响。慢性生活应激源会影响对急性应激源的急性心血管、内分泌和免疫反应。此外，慢性应激和异常大量的慢性运动都会对免疫状态产生负面影响。鉴于慢性应激后免疫状态受损以及急性和慢性应激源的交互作用（例如急性应激源导致急性NK反应减弱），有人提出这些因素可能会延长在急性心理应激（如考试）或剧烈运动应激（竞技体育）后病原体发挥作用的易感性窗口。
