Carlson S E, Werkman S H, Rhodes P G, Tolley E A
Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee, Memphis.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1993 Jul;58(1):35-42. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/58.1.35.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) is important for normal visual development. We hypothesized that preterm infants fed formulas with marine oil as a source of DHA would have better visual acuity than infants fed formulas without marine oil, as measured by the Teller Acuity Card procedure. Marine oil (P < 0.001) and age (P < 0.0001) influenced visual acuity, by repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) corrected for the effect of subject. Marine-oil-supplemented infants had better visual acuity than those fed standard formulas at 2 and 4 mo of age, by Fishers' least-squares difference (LSD). Acuity of both dietary groups improved through 6.5 mo of age, then plateaued. Through 4 mo of age, acuity was inversely related to oxygen supplementation (log10 h) and positively related to DHA status, by general-linear-models (GLM) analysis. After 4 mo of age, birth weight and gestational age were the only variables consistently related to visual acuity by GLM. We conclude that marine-oil-supplemented formula improved visual acuity of preterm infants through 4 mo of age by improving DHA status.
二十二碳六烯酸（DHA；22:6n - 3）对正常视觉发育至关重要。我们假设，通过泰勒视力卡片程序测量，喂食以海产油为DHA来源配方奶的早产儿，其视力会比喂食不含海产油配方奶的婴儿更好。通过对受个体影响进行校正的重复测量方差分析（ANOVA），发现海产油（P < 0.001）和年龄（P < 0.0001）会影响视力。根据费舍尔最小二乘差异（LSD）法，在2个月和4个月大时，补充海产油的婴儿视力比喂食标准配方奶的婴儿更好。两个饮食组的视力在6.5个月龄前均有所改善，之后趋于平稳。通过一般线性模型（GLM）分析，在4个月龄前，视力与氧气补充量（log10 h）呈负相关，与DHA状态呈正相关。4个月龄后，出生体重和胎龄是通过GLM与视力始终相关的唯一变量。我们得出结论，补充海产油的配方奶通过改善DHA状态，提高了4个月龄前早产儿的视力。
