Carlson S E, Cooke R J, Rhodes P G, Peeples J M, Werkman S H
Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee, Memphis.
J Pediatr. 1992 Apr;120(4 Pt 2):S159-67. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)81251-x.
Adding docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6n-3) to formulas is more effective than increasing formula alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) in maintaining blood phospholipid DHA levels similar to those in breast-fed infants. However, in long-term trials supplementary DHA given as marine oil reduces blood phospholipid arachidonic acid (AA) in preterm infants. This effect is not seen in short-term trials unless the total n-3 intake from marine oil exceeds 0.5% of the total fatty acids. In addition, there is considerable variability among individual preterm infants in blood phospholipid AA and DHA levels that is not dependent on diet. Within dietary treatments, a significant positive correlation between AA and DHA concentrations suggests that factor(s) other than marine oil supplementation affect both AA and DHA status. Docosahexaenoic acid and AA concentrations in plasma phospholipids are significantly correlated with DHA and AA concentrations in red blood cell phospholipids, suggesting that the observed individual differences in DHA and AA within groups represent true differences in fatty acid status. Preterm infants appear to be vulnerable to a poor status of both DHA and AA; further feeding trials are needed to identify the optimal balance of fatty acids for feeding these infants.
在配方奶中添加二十二碳六烯酸（DHA，22:6n-3）在维持血液磷脂DHA水平方面比增加配方奶中的α-亚麻酸（18:3n-3）更有效，可使其与母乳喂养婴儿的水平相似。然而，在长期试验中，作为海鱼油给予的补充DHA会降低早产儿血液磷脂中的花生四烯酸（AA）。在短期试验中，除非海鱼油中的总n-3摄入量超过总脂肪酸的0.5%，否则不会出现这种效果。此外，个体早产儿血液磷脂中AA和DHA水平存在相当大的变异性，这与饮食无关。在饮食治疗中，AA和DHA浓度之间存在显著的正相关，这表明除补充海鱼油外的其他因素会影响AA和DHA的状态。血浆磷脂中的二十二碳六烯酸和AA浓度与红细胞磷脂中的DHA和AA浓度显著相关，这表明在组内观察到的DHA和AA个体差异代表了脂肪酸状态的真实差异。早产儿似乎容易出现DHA和AA状态不佳的情况；需要进一步的喂养试验来确定喂养这些婴儿的最佳脂肪酸平衡。
