Wakabayashi K, Ushiyama H, Takahashi M, Nukaya H, Kim S B, Hirose M, Ochiai M, Sugimura T, Nagao M
Carcinogenesis Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Mar;99:129-34. doi: 10.1289/ehp.9399129.
Many mutagenic heterocyclic amines (HAs) have been isolated from cooked foods and pyrolysates of amino acids and proteins, and the carcinogenicity of 10 of these HAs in rodents and of 1 in monkeys has been reported. Quantification of these carcinogenic HAs in various kinds of cooked foods indicated that the level of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) was highest (0.56-69.2 ng/g), that of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) was second highest (0.64-6.44 ng/g), and those of other HAs were 0.03-2.50 ng/g. Heterocyclic amines were found in urine samples of 10 healthy volunteers consuming a normal diet, but HAs were not detectable in urine samples of three patients receiving parenteral alimentation. These results strongly suggest that humans are continuously exposed to HAs derived from food in the normal diet. Based on quantitative data on the levels of HAs in cooked foods and urine samples, the daily exposures to PhIP and MeIQx were estimated to be 0.1-13.8 micrograms and 0.2-2.6 micrograms per person, respectively. These levels of carcinogenic HAs are in the same range as those of other carcinogens such as N-nitrosodimethylamine and benzo[a]pyrene to which humans are exposed.
许多诱变杂环胺（HAs）已从熟食以及氨基酸和蛋白质的热解产物中分离出来，并且已报道其中10种HAs在啮齿动物中的致癌性以及1种在猴子中的致癌性。对各种熟食中这些致癌HAs的定量分析表明，2-氨基-1-甲基-6-苯基咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶（PhIP）的含量最高（0.56 - 69.2纳克/克），2-氨基-3,8-二甲基咪唑并[4,5-f]喹喔啉（MeIQx）的含量次之（0.64 - 6.44纳克/克），其他HAs的含量为0.03 - 2.50纳克/克。在10名食用正常饮食的健康志愿者的尿液样本中发现了杂环胺，但在三名接受肠外营养的患者的尿液样本中未检测到HAs。这些结果有力地表明，人类在正常饮食中持续接触源自食物的HAs。根据熟食和尿液样本中HAs含量的定量数据，估计每人每天对PhIP和MeIQx的暴露量分别为0.1 - 13.8微克和0.2 - 2.6微克。这些致癌HAs的水平与人类接触的其他致癌物如N-亚硝基二甲胺和苯并[a]芘的水平处于同一范围。
