Levinson W, Kaufman K, Bickel J
Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland.
Ann Intern Med. 1993 Aug 1;119(3):220-5. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-119-3-199308010-00008.
To determine the number, personal and professional characteristics, and attitudes of part-time medicine faculty.
Part-time faculty in departments of medicine were identified by the chairs of medicine and faculty roster representatives of the Association of American Medical Colleges for each U.S. medical school and by a survey of faculty.
A 79-item questionnaire including questions about working conditions, attitudes toward professional and personal issues, and institutional policies.
A total of 245 eligible questionnaires were returned (69% of the estimated number of eligible part-time faculty). Sixty-three percent were men and 27% were women. Women faculty worked an average of 35 h/wk, combining their careers with childbearing, whereas men worked 51 h/wk, divided between their faculty position and private practice. Respondents' work time was devoted to teaching and patient care, with no time dedicated for research. Most faculty (86%) were in nontenured track positions; approximately one half (47%) developed the position themselves. Only 8% reported that existing institutional policies allowed part-time faculty more time to reach promotion and tenure standards. A high degree of career satisfaction existed (mean score, 8.6 on a 10-point scale) even though faculty believe that part-time status makes promotion more difficult and negatively influences colleagues' perceptions of them.
We estimate that more than 400 faculty work part time in departments of medicine in U.S. medical schools. The majority are men who combine academic careers with private practice. Most part-time faculty work as clinician/teachers in nontenure track positions and are satisfied with their careers.
确定兼职医学教师的数量、个人及职业特征和态度。
美国各医学院的医学系主任和美国医学院协会教师名册代表通过对教师的调查，确定了医学系的兼职教师。
一份包含79个条目的问卷，内容涉及工作条件、对专业和个人问题的态度以及机构政策。
共收回245份合格问卷（占估计合格兼职教师数量的69%）。63%为男性，27%为女性。女性教师平均每周工作35小时，将职业与生育结合起来，而男性每周工作51小时，在教师岗位和私人执业之间分配时间。受访者的工作时间用于教学和患者护理，没有时间用于研究。大多数教师（86%）处于非终身教职岗位；约一半（47%）是自行设立该岗位的。只有8%的人报告称现有的机构政策允许兼职教师有更多时间达到晋升和终身教职标准。尽管教师们认为兼职身份使晋升更加困难，并对同事对他们的看法产生负面影响，但职业满意度仍很高（平均得分在10分制中为8.6分）。
我们估计美国医学院医学系有400多名教师从事兼职工作。大多数是将学术职业与私人执业结合起来的男性。大多数兼职教师担任非终身教职岗位的临床医生/教师，对自己的职业感到满意。
