Lorenzen C L, Hale D S, Griffin D B, Savell J W, Belk K E, Frederick T L, Miller M F, Montgomery T H, Smith G C
Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-2471.
J Anim Sci. 1993 Jun;71(6):1495-502. doi: 10.2527/1993.7161495x.
To assess the then-current population of fed beef cattle for quality defects, the federally inspected beef steer and heifer slaughter in 28 packing plants was surveyed during a 3-mo period (October to December 1991). Data were collected over the course of 1 d of production at chain speed. Carcasses were selected randomly to include 50 and 10% of each lot on the slaughter floor and in the cooler, respectively. Slaughter floor defects evaluated were brand location and size, degree of bruising, grubs and injection sites, condemnation of offal, and the presence of mud and horns. USDA grade factors and other data were collected in the cooler. The distribution of hot-iron brand scars on the hide for the sample was as follows: cattle with no brand, 55.0%; cattle with butt brands, 29.9%; cattle with side brands, 13.8%; and cattle with shoulder brands, .8%. In addition, 83.3, 85.6, 76.6, 97.3, 99.9, and 99.8% of the carcasses had no superficial bruising in the chuck, rib, loin, round, brisket, and other areas of the carcass, respectively. The incidence of viscera condemnations for livers, lungs, tripe, and total viscera were 19.2, 5.1, 3.5, and .1%, respectively. Means for the carcass traits were as follows: USDA yield grade, 3.1; hot carcass weight, 344.7 kg; adjusted fat thickness, 1.5 cm; longissimus muscle area, 83.4 cm2; kidney, pelvic, and heart fat, 2.2%; USDA quality grade, high Select; marbling score, Small-minus; and overall maturity, A69.
为评估当时育肥牛群存在的质量缺陷，在1991年10月至12月的3个月期间，对28家屠宰厂经联邦检验的肉用公牛和小母牛的屠宰情况进行了调查。数据是在一天的生产过程中以链式速度收集的。随机选择胴体，分别包括屠宰车间和冷藏库中各批次的50%和10%。评估的屠宰车间缺陷包括烙印位置和大小、瘀伤程度、蛆虫和注射部位、内脏废弃情况以及是否有泥浆和牛角。美国农业部等级因素和其他数据在冷藏库中收集。样本中热烙铁烙印在皮肤上的分布情况如下：无烙印的牛，55.0%；臀部有烙印的牛，29.9%；侧面有烙印的牛，13.8%；肩部有烙印的牛，0.8%。此外，分别有83.3%、85.6%、76.6%、97.3%、99.9%和99.8%的胴体在肩胛部、肋部、腰部、后腿、胸部和胴体其他部位没有表面瘀伤。肝脏、肺、肚杂和总内脏的内脏废弃发生率分别为19.2%、5.1%、3.5%和0.1%。胴体性状的平均值如下：美国农业部产量等级，3.1；热胴体重，344.7千克；调整后的脂肪厚度，1.5厘米；背最长肌面积，83.4平方厘米；肾、盆腔和心脏脂肪，2.2%；美国农业部质量等级，高精选级；大理石花纹评分，小减号；总体成熟度，A69。
