Asendorpf J B, Meier G H
Max-Planck-Institut für Psychologische Forschung, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1993 Jun;64(6):1072-83. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.64.6.1072.
Speech and heart rate were continuously monitored during 7 days from morning to evening in 41 Grade 2 children selected for high or low parental judgments of sociability and shyness. Children attended school in the mornings and were free in the afternoons; the child's social situations in the afternoon were reconstructed with the child and a caretaker. During the afternoons sociable children spent more time in conversations than unsociable children, but the groups did not differ in their verbal participation within conversations. Shy children spent as much time in conversations and spoke as much in familiar situations as nonshy children but spoke less in moderately unfamiliar situations. Neither sociability nor shyness had an effect on heart rate reactivity. The results show that sociability affects the exposure, and shyness the reactivity, to situations and that these traits are clearly distinct despite some similarity in lay judgments of personality.
在为期7天的时间里，从早到晚持续监测了41名二年级儿童的言语和心率。这些儿童是根据父母对其社交能力和害羞程度的高低判断挑选出来的。孩子们上午上学，下午自由活动；下午孩子的社交情境由孩子和一名照料者共同重现。在下午，善于社交的孩子比不善于社交的孩子花更多时间交谈，但两组在交谈中的言语参与度并无差异。害羞的孩子在熟悉的情境中交谈时间和说话量与不害羞的孩子一样多，但在不太熟悉的情境中说话较少。社交能力和害羞程度对心率反应均无影响。结果表明，社交能力影响对情境的接触程度，而害羞程度影响对情境的反应程度，并且尽管在人格的外行判断中有一些相似之处，但这些特质明显不同。
