Kibel D A, Laffont I, Liddle P F
St Bernard's Hospital, Southall, Middlesex.
Br J Psychiatry. 1993 Jun;162:744-50. doi: 10.1192/bjp.162.6.744.
The clinical features of patients who satisfy a variety of criteria for the negative syndrome can be arranged in five groups of phenomena: (a) poverty of thought and speech, (b) blunted affect, (c) decreased motor activity, (d) apathy and abolition, and (e) diminished interpersonal interaction. We have shown that depressed mood and depressive cognition are not related to the negative syndrome, but there is some overlap between the specific phenomena of depressive illness and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Items measuring cognitive impairment have a moderate correlation with the negative syndrome, but the negative syndrome accounts for less than half of the variance of cognitive performance. These items that define the negative syndrome can be as reliably measured as depressive and positive symptoms.
（a）思维和言语贫乏，（b）情感迟钝，（c）运动活动减少，（d）冷漠和意志缺失，以及（e）人际互动减少。我们已经表明，抑郁情绪和抑郁认知与阴性症状无关，但抑郁症的特定现象与精神分裂症的阴性症状之间存在一些重叠。测量认知障碍的项目与阴性症状有中度相关性，但阴性症状在认知表现差异中所占比例不到一半。这些定义阴性症状的项目与抑郁症状和阳性症状一样能够可靠地进行测量。
