von Reyn C F, Mann J M, Chin J
Global Programme on AIDS, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Bull World Health Organ. 1990;68(2):251-9.
Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a worldwide problem, its prevalence and pattern vary from country to country. Accordingly, the risk to international travellers of acquiring HIV infection also varies widely in different parts of the world, and depends principally on their behaviour. The risk of sexual acquisition of HIV infection can be virtually eliminated by avoiding penetrative sexual intercourse with intravenous drug users and persons who have had multiple sexual partners (such as prostitutes) or reduced by the use of condoms. The risk of parenteral exposure to HIV can be reduced by avoiding parenteral drug use and behaviour that is likely to lead to injury (with its attendant risk of requiring blood transfusion) and by seeking medical facilities with adequate capabilities to screen blood donors for HIV and to sterilize instruments. HIV screening of international travellers is an ineffective, costly, and impractical public health strategy for limiting the worldwide spread of HIV infection. Travellers infected with HIV require specialized advice regarding health precautions, prophylactic medications, and immunization.
尽管人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染是一个全球性问题，但其流行程度和模式因国家而异。因此，国际旅行者感染HIV的风险在世界不同地区也有很大差异，并且主要取决于他们的行为。通过避免与静脉吸毒者以及有多个性伴侣的人（如妓女）进行插入式性交，几乎可以消除性传播HIV感染的风险，或者通过使用避孕套来降低风险。通过避免非肠道吸毒以及可能导致受伤（随之而来的输血风险）的行为，并寻求有足够能力对献血者进行HIV筛查和对器械进行消毒的医疗机构，可以降低非肠道接触HIV的风险。对国际旅行者进行HIV筛查是限制HIV感染在全球传播的一项无效、昂贵且不切实际的公共卫生策略。感染HIV的旅行者需要有关健康预防措施、预防性药物和免疫接种的专业建议。
