Peng Y Z, Pan R L, Jablonski N G
Department of Primatology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan.
Folia Primatol (Basel). 1993;60(1-2):106-17. doi: 10.1159/000156680.
In order to study the differentiation of Asian colobines, 14 variables measured on 123 skulls, including Rhinopithecus, Presbytis, Presbytiscus (Rhinopithecus avunculus), Pygathrix and Nasalis were analyzed by one-way, cluster and discriminant function analyses. Information on paleoenvironmental changes in China and southeast Asia since the late Tertiary was used to examine the influences of migratory routes and range of distribution in Asian colobines. A cladogram for 6 genera of Asian colobines was constructed from the results of various analyses. Some new points or revisions were suggested: (1) Following one of two migratory routes, ancient species of Asian colobines perhaps passed through Xizang (Tibet) along the northern bank of the Tethys sea and through the Heng Duan Shan regions of Yunnan into Vietnam. An ancient landmass linking Yunnan and Xizang was already present on the east bank of the Tethys sea. Accordingly, Asian colobines would have two centers of evolutionary origin: Sundaland and the Heng Duan Shan regions of China. (2) Pygathrix shares more cranial features with Presbytiscus than with Rhinopithecus. This differs somewhat from the conclusion reached by Groves. (3) Nasalis (karyotype: 2n = 48) may be the most primitive genus among Asian colobines. Certain features shared with Rhinopithecus, e.g. large body size, terrestrial activity and limb proportions, can be interpreted as symplesiomorphic characters. (4) Rhinopithecus, with respect to craniofacial features, is a special case among Asian colobines. It combines a high degree of evolutionary specialization with retention of some primitive features thought to have been present in the ancestral Asian colobine.
为了研究亚洲疣猴的分化情况，对123个颅骨（包括仰鼻猴属、叶猴属、乌叶猴属（黑腿白臀叶猴）、白臀叶猴属和豚尾叶猴属）测量的14个变量进行了单因素分析、聚类分析和判别函数分析。利用中国和东南亚自第三纪晚期以来的古环境变化信息，来研究迁徙路线和分布范围对亚洲疣猴的影响。根据各种分析结果构建了亚洲疣猴6个属的系统发育树。提出了一些新观点或修正意见：（1）沿着两条迁徙路线之一，亚洲疣猴的古老物种可能沿着特提斯海北岸穿过西藏，再穿过云南的横断山区进入越南。连接云南和西藏的古老陆块当时已存在于特提斯海东岸。因此，亚洲疣猴有两个进化起源中心：巽他古陆和中国的横断山区。（2）白臀叶猴属与乌叶猴属在颅骨特征上的共同点比与仰鼻猴属更多。这与格罗夫斯得出的结论略有不同。（3）豚尾叶猴属（核型：2n = 48）可能是亚洲疣猴中最原始的属。与仰鼻猴属共有的某些特征，如体型大、地面活动和肢体比例，可以解释为同祖特征。（4）就颅面特征而言，仰鼻猴属在亚洲疣猴中是个特殊例子。它结合了高度的进化特化以及一些被认为存在于亚洲疣猴祖先中的原始特征。
