Sterne J A, Turner A C, Connell J A, Parry J V, Fine P E, Ponnighaus J M, Nyasulu S, Mkandwire P K
Communicable Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1993 Mar-Apr;87(2):181-3. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(93)90480-e.
Testing for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in urine may be of use in epidemiological studies. We collected 336 paired urine and serum samples from subjects in Karonga District, northern Malawi: 86 (25.6%) of the serum samples were HIV positive. Serum results were compared with those from immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody-capture particle adherence tests (GACPAT) and IgG antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (GACELISA) on the corresponding urine samples performed independently in 2 laboratories. The minimum observed relative sensitivity and specificity of GACPAT were 96.5% and 98.8% respectively; the specificity could be raised by using a protocol involving re-testing of reactive samples to determine end-point titre. For GACELISA, the observed relative sensitivity and specificity were 98.8% and 99.2% respectively. Such assays may be useful either as a primary screen in populations where urine samples are considerably easier to obtain than serum samples, or as an alternative test for individuals unwilling to provide a serum sample.
检测尿液中的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）抗体可能在流行病学研究中有用。我们从马拉维北部卡龙加区的受试者那里收集了336对尿液和血清样本：血清样本中有86份（25.6%）HIV呈阳性。将血清检测结果与在两个独立实验室对相应尿液样本进行的免疫球蛋白（Ig）G抗体捕获颗粒黏附试验（GACPAT）和IgG抗体捕获酶联免疫吸附测定（GACELISA）的结果进行了比较。GACPAT观察到的最低相对灵敏度和特异性分别为96.5%和98.8%；通过使用对反应性样本进行重新检测以确定终点滴度的方案，特异性可以提高。对于GACELISA，观察到的相对灵敏度和特异性分别为98.8%和99.2%。此类检测作为在尿液样本比血清样本更容易获取的人群中的初步筛查，或者作为不愿提供血清样本的个体的替代检测，可能会很有用。
