McMurphy R M
Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1993 Jul;23(4):703-16. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(93)50077-3.
Administration of epidural opioids is a technique that is currently being used by many veterinary anesthesiologists and surgeons to provide postoperative analgesia. The duration of analgesia is prolonged and the degree of sedation is much less than that which occurs with parenterally administered opioids and the risks appears to be minimal.