Sonta S, Oshimura M, Evans J T, Sandberg A A
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1977 Jan;58(1):49-59. doi: 10.1093/jnci/58.1.49.
Banding techniques were used in the study of the chromosomes of primary tumors from 16 patients with various types of cancer. The initial analysis with conventional Giemsa staining revealed chromosome abnormalities in 13 of the 16 tumors. Eleven of these 13 tumors and 2 of the 3 with normal karyotypes were reexamined with Q-, G-, and C-banding techniques: The 2 tumors were conventionally stained normal karyotypes were found to have no abnormalities. Nine of the tumors wre characterized by numerical changes only and 4 by both numerical and structural abnormalities. In 11 tumors, excessive chromosomes, identified with banding techniques, were usually found in the following groups (number of tumors involved is shown in parentheses): No. 5 (5), No. 8 (6), No. 11 (5), no. 13 (5), and No. 21 (5). The primary tumors examined had hyperdiploid modes; only 4 of these tumors contained marker chromosomes, as opposed to the high frequency of markers in metastatic cancer cells and the presence, usually, of high polidy (near-triploidy or near-tetraploidy). The data suggested that the karyotypic changes in primary cancers consist primarily of numerical changes (hyperploidy), rather infrequent appearance of marker chromosomes, and, when present, only 1 or 2 markers.
采用显带技术对16例患有各种类型癌症患者的原发性肿瘤染色体进行了研究。最初用常规吉姆萨染色分析发现，16例肿瘤中有13例存在染色体异常。对这13例肿瘤中的11例以及核型正常的3例中的2例，用Q带、G带和C带技术进行了复查：发现2例常规染色核型正常的肿瘤并无异常。9例肿瘤仅表现为数目改变，4例同时存在数目和结构异常。在11例肿瘤中，用显带技术鉴定出的额外染色体通常见于以下几组（括号内为涉及的肿瘤数目）：5号染色体（5例）、8号染色体（6例）、11号染色体（5例）、13号染色体（5例）和21号染色体（5例）。所检查的原发性肿瘤为超二倍体模式；这些肿瘤中只有4例含有标记染色体，这与转移癌细胞中标记染色体的高频率以及通常存在的高倍体（近三倍体或近四倍体）情况相反。数据表明，原发性癌症的核型变化主要由数目改变（超倍体）组成，标记染色体出现频率较低，而且即便存在，也只有1条或2条标记染色体。
