Fonagy P, Moran G S, Target M
Psychoanalysis Unit, University College London.
Int J Psychoanal. 1993 Jun;74 ( Pt 3):471-85.
In this paper we explore the idea of aggression as a defence against threats to the psychological self. This aspect of the self allows reflection about people in psychological terms and develops, in the first three years of life, through appreciation of mental states in the other. When the object is unpredictable or hostile, recognition of this is painful to the child, and his reflective function will not be adequately established. The defences of aggression or avoidance will be invoked very frequently. In time, aggression may become an organising influence in the construction of the self; pathological destructiveness then takes the place of emotional relatedness and concern for the other. Psychoanalytic treatment no longer works primarily by addressing conflict. Instead, particularly through interpretations of transference and countertransference, the analyst recreates an intersubjective process which enhances the patient's reflective self, this time in the safety of a benign relationship.
在本文中，我们探讨了攻击行为作为对心理自我受到威胁的一种防御机制的观点。自我的这一方面使得人们能够从心理层面思考他人，并在生命的头三年通过理解他人的心理状态而发展起来。当客体不可预测或怀有敌意时，孩子意识到这一点会很痛苦，其反思功能也无法得到充分确立。攻击或回避的防御机制会被频繁调用。随着时间的推移，攻击行为可能会在自我构建过程中成为一种组织性影响；病理性破坏就会取代情感关联以及对他人的关心。精神分析治疗不再主要通过处理冲突来起作用。相反，尤其是通过对移情和反移情的解释，分析师重新创造了一个主体间过程，这次是在良性关系的安全氛围中增强患者的反思性自我。
