Szymczak J T, Helb H W, Kaiser W
Department of Animal Physiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland.
Physiol Behav. 1993 Jun;53(6):1201-10. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(93)90380-x.
Sleep in five blackbirds was investigated by continuous 24-h recordings of EEG, EOG, EMG, HR, and behavior. Because these recordings were similar in many respects to those obtained previously in other species, it was possible to define the electrophysiological correlates of active wakefulness (AW), quiet wakefulness (QW), slow wave sleep (SWS), and paradoxical sleep (PS). The time spent in SWS and PS was 32.2% and 5.7% of the 24-h period, respectively. The amount of SWS decreased during the course of the dark period, whereas PS exhibited an increasing trend. In addition, SWS always preceded PS, as in mammals. Thus, homeotherms may share common mechanisms of sleep regulation. Blackbirds turned their heads so that their beaks pointed backwards only during darkness. This back posture was usually associated with sleep. Head nodding, which occurred only when the beak pointed forward, was observed during 13% of PS episodes. Eye closure was a reliable behavioral index of sleep. Detailed behavioral observations alone do not provide sufficient information for the accurate assessment of sleep stages in blackbirds.
通过对脑电图（EEG）、眼电图（EOG）、肌电图（EMG）、心率（HR）和行为进行连续24小时记录，对五只乌鸫的睡眠进行了研究。由于这些记录在许多方面与之前在其他物种中获得的记录相似，因此有可能确定主动觉醒（AW）、安静觉醒（QW）、慢波睡眠（SWS）和异相睡眠（PS）的电生理相关因素。慢波睡眠和异相睡眠所占用的时间分别占24小时周期的32.2%和5.7%。慢波睡眠的时长在黑暗期逐渐减少，而异相睡眠则呈上升趋势。此外，与哺乳动物一样，慢波睡眠总是先于异相睡眠出现。因此，恒温动物可能具有共同的睡眠调节机制。乌鸫只在黑暗中转头，使它们的喙向后。这种背部姿势通常与睡眠有关。点头现象仅在喙向前时出现，在13%的异相睡眠阶段被观察到。闭眼是睡眠的可靠行为指标。仅靠详细的行为观察并不能为准确评估乌鸫的睡眠阶段提供足够的信息。
