Schulman P, Keith D, Seligman M E
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6196.
Behav Res Ther. 1993 Jul;31(6):569-74. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(93)90108-7.
Is optimism heritable? We gave the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ), a measure of optimism, to 115 monozygotic twin pairs (MZ) and 27 dizygotic twin pairs (DZ). The intraclass correlations of the ASQ scores were 0.48 for MZ twins (P < 0.0001) and 0 for DZ twins. Though the sample size of DZ twins is small, these results suggest that there may be a substantial genetic effect on optimism. We speculate, however, that the mechanism for the transmission of this, and other complex personality traits, may be highly indirect.
乐观主义是可遗传的吗？我们对115对同卵双胞胎（MZ）和27对异卵双胞胎（DZ）进行了归因风格问卷（ASQ）测试，这是一种对乐观主义的测量方法。同卵双胞胎ASQ得分的组内相关系数为0.48（P < 0.0001），而异卵双胞胎为0。尽管异卵双胞胎的样本量较小，但这些结果表明，乐观主义可能存在显著的遗传效应。然而，我们推测，这种以及其他复杂人格特质的传递机制可能非常间接。
