Horner W E, Levetin E, Lehrer S B
Tulane University Medical Center, Clinical Immunology Section, New Orleans, LA 70112.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1993 Aug;92(2):306-12. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(93)90174-e.
We sought to test the hypothesis that allergens are readily released by intact basidiospores in vitro and that different species release allergens in different patterns that are related to spore wall structure.
To assess basidiospore allergen releasability, basidiospore allergens were extracted from disrupted spores and eluted from intact spores, and the allergenic potency of the extracts and eluates was compared in Calvatia cyathiformis, Psilocybe cubensis, Lentinus edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus.
There was a significant species difference; on the basis of dry weight, the yield of extract and eluates from P1. ostreatus greatly exceeded the yield from C. cyathiformis extract and eluates. As measured by RAST inhibition, the allergenic potency of P1. ostreatus and L. edodes spore eluates reached the potency of disrupted spore extract in less than 4 hours. Allergen potency of Ps. cubensis and C. cyathiformis eluate approached the potency of disrupted spore extract only after 8 and 24 hours. Allergen staining intensity in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis IgE immunoblot correlated with RAST activity. C. cyathiformis and Ps. cubensis spores have thick walls, whereas P1. ostreatus and L. edodes spore walls are thin and hyaline (nonpigmented). Thus spore allergen release may relate to spore wall characteristics.
These studies indicate that intact basidiospores of all four species release allergens, but the release patterns differ by species, and these differences may be clinically significant.
我们试图验证以下假设，即完整的担子孢子在体外能轻易释放过敏原，且不同物种释放过敏原的模式不同，这与孢子壁结构有关。
为评估担子孢子过敏原的释放能力，从破碎的孢子中提取担子孢子过敏原，并从完整的孢子中洗脱，然后在马勃、古巴裸盖菇、香菇和平菇中比较提取物和洗脱物的致敏效力。
存在显著的物种差异；以干重计，平菇提取物和洗脱物的产量大大超过马勃提取物和洗脱物的产量。通过放射性过敏原吸附试验（RAST）抑制测定，平菇和香菇孢子洗脱物的致敏效力在不到4小时内就达到了破碎孢子提取物的效力。古巴裸盖菇和马勃洗脱物的过敏原效力仅在8小时和24小时后才接近破碎孢子提取物的效力。十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳IgE免疫印迹中的过敏原染色强度与RAST活性相关。马勃和古巴裸盖菇的孢子壁厚，而平菇和香菇的孢子壁薄且透明（无色素）。因此，孢子过敏原的释放可能与孢子壁特征有关。
这些研究表明，所有四个物种的完整担子孢子都能释放过敏原，但释放模式因物种而异，这些差异可能具有临床意义。
