Hakoda Y, Ando M, Nakamizo S
Department of Psychology, College of General Education, Kyushu University, Fukuoka.
Shinrigaku Kenkyu. 1993 Apr;64(1):9-15. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.64.9.
Two experiments are reported which deal with the nature of categorization of visual patterns. Stimulus materials were schematic butterfly patterns. Systematic transformations of five physical features (fore wing, hind wing, size, body length and color) were applied to a prototype to generate a set of instances. In Experiment 1, subjects were asked to judge the visual similarity between each instance and the prototype. Similarity ratings were found to be related to an each instance's transformational distance from the prototype. In Experiment 2, subjects were exposed to a subset of instances of the pattern which varied in their transformational distance from the prototype, and then given a recognition test with confidence ratings. The recognition item consisted of the old and new instances including the prototype. Recognition ratings were found to be related to each instance's family resemblance score rather than its transformational distance and subjective similarity to the prototype. These results support Rosch and Mervis's family resemblance model of categorization.
本文报告了两项关于视觉模式分类本质的实验。刺激材料是示意性蝴蝶图案。对一个原型图案的五个物理特征（前翅、后翅、大小、体长和颜色）进行系统变换，以生成一组实例。在实验1中，要求受试者判断每个实例与原型之间的视觉相似度。结果发现，相似度评分与每个实例与原型的变换距离有关。在实验2中，让受试者接触该图案的一部分实例，这些实例与原型的变换距离各不相同，然后对其进行带有置信度评分的识别测试。识别项目包括旧实例和新实例，其中也有原型。结果发现，识别评分与每个实例的家族相似性得分有关，而不是与它到原型的变换距离以及主观相似度有关。这些结果支持了罗施和默维斯的分类家族相似性模型。
