Husband A J
Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Vaccine. 1993;11(8):805-16. doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(93)90355-2.
Recent advances in antigen preparation and delivery have led to a renewed interest in vaccination to control infectious disease. However, relatively less attention has been devoted to host factors which affect the outcome of immune responses. There is now increasing acceptance that the central nervous and immune systems interact, and that this can be a bidirectional process. A range of behavioural and psychological states, learned responses and reactions to external stimuli have all been implicated in immune modulation. These interactions may occur via the direct innervation of lymphoid compartments, by paracrine means through the release of mediators from nerves situated in close proximity to cells involved in immunity, or by neuroendocrine signals in the form of hypothalamic, pituitary and peripheral endocrine hormones. These effects may account to some extent for unexplained variability in response to vaccination and disease challenge, through inherited or acquired differences in neuroendocrine or neurotransmitter responses to stress, circadian effects or learned behavioural responses. This review addresses the effects of environmental stimuli and behavioural manipulations on immune outcome and the response to vaccination, and the potential for practical application of these techniques in human and animal disease control and health management.
抗原制备与递送方面的最新进展引发了人们对通过接种疫苗来控制传染病的新兴趣。然而，相对较少的注意力被放在影响免疫反应结果的宿主因素上。现在，人们越来越接受中枢神经系统和免疫系统相互作用，而且这可能是一个双向过程。一系列行为和心理状态、习得反应以及对外界刺激的反应都与免疫调节有关。这些相互作用可能通过淋巴组织的直接神经支配、通过紧邻免疫相关细胞的神经释放介质以旁分泌方式、或者以下丘脑、垂体和外周内分泌激素形式的神经内分泌信号来发生。这些影响可能在一定程度上解释了对接种疫苗和疾病挑战反应中无法解释的变异性，这是由于神经内分泌或神经递质对应激的反应、昼夜节律效应或习得行为反应存在遗传或后天差异所致。本综述探讨了环境刺激和行为操纵对免疫结果及疫苗接种反应的影响，以及这些技术在人类和动物疾病控制与健康管理中的实际应用潜力。
