Honkanen R
Injury Research Project, University of Kuopio, Finland.
Addiction. 1993 Jul;88(7):939-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02111.x.
The part that alcohol plays in non-motor vehicle unintentional injuries is not well known. Injuries at home and during leisure form a very heterogeneous group. Alcohol involvement varies considerably from one subgroup to another: for example, all cases of alcohol poisoning involve alcohol by definition, whereas alcohol involvement is very infrequent in sports injuries. One-third of falls, half of drownings and fire deaths and two-thirds of hypothermia deaths involve alcohol. Young and middle-aged males form a risk group of alcohol-related trauma. Alcohol involvement varies also from country to country: deaths from alcohol poisoning are several times as common in Finland as in other Western countries. In contrast to experience in Western countries, in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, wealthier injured Africans were found to have alcohol involvement more often than poor Africans. Alcohols seems to increase the risk of falling, bicycle and motor vehicle injuries largely to the same extent. The relative importance of the two main components of alcohol-related risk--risk-taking and impaired psychomotor functions--requires further exploration in each main external cause category of home and leisure injuries.
酒精在非机动车意外伤害中所起的作用尚不为人所知。在家中及休闲期间发生的伤害构成了一个非常多样化的群体。酒精在其中的参与程度因亚组不同而有很大差异：例如，根据定义，所有酒精中毒病例都涉及酒精，而在运动损伤中酒精的参与则非常罕见。三分之一的跌倒、一半的溺水和火灾死亡以及三分之二的体温过低死亡都与酒精有关。年轻和中年男性构成了与酒精相关创伤的风险群体。酒精的参与程度在不同国家也有所不同：芬兰的酒精中毒死亡人数是其他西方国家的几倍。与西方国家的情况相反，在坦桑尼亚的达累斯萨拉姆，发现较富裕的受伤非洲人比贫穷的非洲人更常与酒精有关。酒精似乎在很大程度上以相同的程度增加了跌倒、自行车和机动车受伤的风险。在家庭和休闲伤害的每个主要外部原因类别中，与酒精相关风险的两个主要组成部分——冒险行为和心理运动功能受损——的相对重要性需要进一步探索。
