Dixon P, Harrison K, Taylor D
Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Can J Exp Psychol. 1993 Jun;47(2):375-400. doi: 10.1037/h0078827.
Memory for procedural discourse was examined in two experiments. In Experiment 1, memory was assessed using recall; in Experiment 2, a recognition test was used. In both experiments, the memorability of three types of action statements were compared: a transitive verb form, in which the action was described by a main clause; a verbal adjective form, in which the action was indicated by an adjective derived from a verb; and an implicit action form, in which the action was only implied. Information associated with transitive verbs and verbal adjectives was more likely to be recalled than information associated with implicit actions. Although a manipulation of prior knowledge affected overall recall performance, it did not interact with sentence form. In addition, recognition accuracy was affected by neither sentence form nor prior knowledge. To account for these results, it was proposed that transitive verbs and verbal adjectives generate a semantic representation that includes features of the action, whereas implicit actions do not. This difference in semantic representation leads to structural differences in a mental plan for the task. The obtained effects on recall reflect these differences in plan structure.
在两项实验中对程序性话语的记忆进行了研究。在实验1中，使用回忆来评估记忆；在实验2中，使用了识别测试。在两项实验中，比较了三种类型动作陈述的可记忆性：及物动词形式，其中动作由主句描述；动词形容词形式，其中动作由动词派生的形容词表示；以及隐含动作形式，其中动作仅被暗示。与及物动词和动词形容词相关的信息比与隐含动作相关的信息更有可能被回忆起来。虽然对先验知识的操纵影响了整体回忆表现，但它与句子形式没有相互作用。此外，识别准确性既不受句子形式的影响，也不受先验知识的影响。为了解释这些结果，有人提出及物动词和动词形容词会生成一个包含动作特征的语义表征，而隐含动作则不会。这种语义表征上的差异导致了任务心理计划中的结构差异。在回忆上获得的效果反映了计划结构上的这些差异。
