Lewellen M J, Goldinger S D, Pisoni D B, Greene B G
Psychology Department, Indiana University Bloomington 47405.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 1993 Sep;122(3):316-30. doi: 10.1037//0096-3445.122.3.316.
College students were separated into 2 groups (high and low) on the basis of 3 measures: subjective familiarity ratings of words, self-reported language experiences, and a test of vocabulary knowledge. Three experiments were conducted to determine if the groups also differed in visual word naming, lexical decision, and semantic categorization. High Ss were consistently faster than low Ss in naming visually presented words. They were also faster and more accurate in making difficult lexical decisions and in rejecting homophone foils in semantic categorization. Taken together, the results demonstrate that Ss who differ in lexical familiarity also differ in processing efficiency. The relationship between processing efficiency and working memory accounts of individual differences in language processing is also discussed.
大学生根据三项指标被分为两组（高分组和低分组）：单词的主观熟悉度评分、自我报告的语言经历以及词汇知识测试。进行了三项实验，以确定这两组在视觉单词命名、词汇判断和语义分类方面是否也存在差异。在命名视觉呈现的单词时，高分组的被试始终比低分组的被试速度更快。在做出困难的词汇判断以及在语义分类中拒绝同音异形干扰项时，他们也更快且更准确。综合来看，结果表明在词汇熟悉度上存在差异的被试在加工效率上也存在差异。还讨论了加工效率与语言加工中个体差异的工作记忆解释之间的关系。
