Masataka N
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan.
J Child Lang. 1993 Jun;20(2):303-12. doi: 10.1017/s0305000900008291.
A total of 48 male infants experienced either conversational turn-taking or random responsiveness of their mothers when aged 0;3 and 0;4. In both periods, the infant's rate of vocalizing was not significantly influenced by the contingency of the mother's response, but contingency altered the temporal parameters of the infant's vocal pattern. Infants tended to produce more bursts or packets of vocalizations when the mother talked to the infant in a random pattern. When the infants were aged 0;3 such bursts occurred most often at intervals of 0.5-1.5 sec whereas when they were aged 0;4 they took place most frequently at significantly longer intervals, of 1.0-2.0. The difference corresponded to the difference between intervals with which the mother responded contingently to vocalizations of the infant at 0;3 and at 0;4. While the intervals (between the onset of the infant's vocalization and the onset of the mother's vocalization) rarely exceeded 0.5 sec when the infant was aged 0;3, they were mostly distributed between 0.5 and 1.0 sec when he was aged 0;4. After vocalizing spontaneously, the infant tended to pause as if to listen for a possible vocal response from the mother. In the absence of a response, he vocalized repeatedly. The intervals between the two consecutive vocalizations were changed flexibly by the infant according to his recent experience of turn-taking with the mother.
共有48名男婴在0;3岁和0;4岁时经历了母亲的对话轮流或随机回应。在这两个时期，婴儿的发声频率并未受到母亲回应偶然性的显著影响，但偶然性改变了婴儿发声模式的时间参数。当母亲以随机模式与婴儿交谈时，婴儿往往会发出更多的发声爆发或发声组。当婴儿0;3岁时，这种发声爆发最常发生在0.5 - 1.5秒的间隔内，而当他们0;4岁时，发声爆发最频繁地发生在显著更长的间隔，即1.0 - 2.0秒。这种差异与母亲在0;3岁和0;4岁时对婴儿发声的偶然性回应间隔的差异相对应。当婴儿0;3岁时，（婴儿发声开始到母亲发声开始之间的）间隔很少超过0.5秒，而当他0;4岁时，间隔大多分布在0.5到1.0秒之间。自发发声后，婴儿往往会停顿一下，似乎在等待母亲可能的发声回应。如果没有回应，他会反复发声。婴儿会根据他最近与母亲轮流互动的经验灵活地改变连续两次发声之间的间隔。
