Using self report measures to corroborate theories of depression: the specificity problem.

Depression scales tend to correlate highly with measures of anxiety and other negative emotional states. If the same is true of scales measuring constructs from depression theories such as negative cognitions and anaclitic depression, it brings into question the specificity of these models to depression. The overlap has been attributed to the common role of negative affect in depression and anxiety. Using a sample of college students, our study investigated the relationships among measures of depression, anxiety, positive and negative affect, and theory-relevant constructs. Theory-relevant scales related no more strongly to depression than anxiety measures. Furthermore, they related strongly either with negative or positive affect but usually not with both. These findings bring into question the specificity of depression models corroborated through the available self-report measures.