Walzem R L, Simon C, Morishita T, Lowenstine L, Hansen R J
Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis 95616.
Poult Sci. 1993 Aug;72(8):1479-91. doi: 10.3382/ps.0721479.
A nutritionally adequate, purified diet was developed and used in studies to characterize selected aspects of laying hens in which fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) was induced by overfeeding. Hens consuming the diet ad libitum or intubated with the diet in quantities equivalent to usual daily energy intake maintained normal rates of lay, did not become obese, and did not develop liver hemorrhage. Overfed hens had a 33% incidence of FLHS, as indicated by the presence of severe liver hemorrhage score, and displayed the full range of symptoms associated with spontaneous outbreaks of FLHS, including definitive lesions of hepatic reticulin. Among four groups of hens clinically classified according to rates of liver hemorrhage and egg production, there were no differences noted in total liver fat, liver fat concentration, or final body weight. Liver hemorrhage was associated with the degree of induction of liver lipogenic accessory enzymes. Serum enzyme activities indicate that overfed hens, unlike the overfed goose, retain hepatocellular membrane integrity. Overfeeding caused altered reproductive performance in 72% of hens. Alterations included erratic laying, increased incidence of double ovulations, shell defects, follicular collapse, and oviduct involution. Pattern of lay preceding necropsy seemed to influence follicle weight at necropsy. The data presented re-emphasize the interdependence among liver, ovary, and oviduct function in the etiology of FLHS.
一种营养充足的纯化日粮被研发出来，并用于研究中，以表征过量喂食诱导脂肪肝出血综合征（FLHS）的蛋鸡的某些选定方面。随意采食该日粮或经插管给予相当于日常能量摄入量的日粮的母鸡，产蛋率维持正常，未出现肥胖，也未发生肝脏出血。如严重肝脏出血评分所示，过量喂食的母鸡FLHS发病率为33%，并表现出与FLHS自然爆发相关的一系列症状，包括肝网状纤维的明确病变。在根据肝脏出血率和产蛋量进行临床分类的四组母鸡中，肝脏总脂肪、肝脏脂肪浓度或最终体重均未发现差异。肝脏出血与肝脏脂肪生成辅助酶的诱导程度有关。血清酶活性表明，与过量喂食的鹅不同，过量喂食的母鸡保持肝细胞膜完整性。72%的母鸡过量喂食后生殖性能发生改变。改变包括产蛋不稳定、双排卵发生率增加、蛋壳缺陷、卵泡塌陷和输卵管退化。尸检前的产蛋模式似乎会影响尸检时卵泡的重量。所呈现的数据再次强调了肝脏、卵巢和输卵管功能在FLHS病因学中的相互依存关系。
