Smith M A
Department of Family Practice, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor.
Prim Care. 1993 Sep;20(3):655-64.
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition of increased blood pressure accompanied by proteinuria, edema, or both. The incidence of preeclampsia has been reported as ranging from 2.5% to 7%. Risk factors for the development of preeclampsia include young maternal age, previous preeclampsia, twin pregnancy, chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hydatidiform mole. Vasospasm is considered central to the pathologic changes of preeclampsia, and the data suggest that this process is triggered by an imbalance between prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2) and thromboxane Ax, biologically active metabolites of arachidonic acid. Preeclampsia has a wide clinical spectrum ranging from mild to severe forms and, potentially, eclampsia with symptoms occurring primarily with severe disease. Preventive strategies under investigation include calcium supplementation and low-dose aspirin supplementation. Prenatal screening, monitoring, and management of preeclampsia are presented.
子痫前期是一种妊娠特有的疾病，其特征为血压升高，并伴有蛋白尿、水肿或两者皆有。据报道，子痫前期的发病率在2.5%至7%之间。子痫前期发生的危险因素包括年轻产妇年龄、既往子痫前期病史、双胎妊娠、慢性高血压、糖尿病和葡萄胎。血管痉挛被认为是子痫前期病理变化的核心，数据表明这一过程是由前列环素（前列腺素I2）和血栓素A2（花生四烯酸的生物活性代谢产物）之间的失衡引发的。子痫前期的临床谱广泛，从轻度到重度，严重时甚至可能发展为子痫，症状主要出现在重症患者中。正在研究的预防策略包括补充钙和低剂量阿司匹林。文中还介绍了子痫前期的产前筛查、监测和管理。
