Eggen B M
Avdeling for immunologi og blodbank, Regionsykehuset i Trondheim.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1993 Jan 10;113(1):22-4.
Cytomegalovirus infection can be transmitted by transfusion of leucocyte-containing blood products (i.e. red cells and platelets). In otherwise healthy persons this virus infection causes a mild mononucleosis-like syndrome. In immunocompromised patients (neonatal patients if birth weight is less than 1200 grams; immunodeficiencies; haematological malignancies; bone marrow transplanted patients) a cytomegalovirus infection can be fatal. The transmission of cytomegalovirus by blood can be avoided by using seronegative blood donors. Recent experiences indicate that efficient removal of viable leukocytes by filtration (which removes more than log-3 of leukocytes) will prevent transmission of cytomegalovirus infection even when using blood from seropositive blood donors. All cellular blood products for the risk groups must be filtrated in any case, to avoid HLA-immunization and graft-versus-host reaction. Since this filtration seems to prevent the transmission of cytomegalovirus, the cost of screening of blood donors for anti-cytomegalovirus-antibodies is an unnecessary expense.
巨细胞病毒感染可通过输注含白细胞的血液制品（即红细胞和血小板）传播。在其他方面健康的人身上，这种病毒感染会引发一种类似轻度单核细胞增多症的综合征。在免疫功能低下的患者中（出生体重小于1200克的新生儿患者；免疫缺陷患者；血液系统恶性肿瘤患者；骨髓移植患者），巨细胞病毒感染可能是致命的。通过使用血清学阴性的献血者可避免血液传播巨细胞病毒。最近的经验表明，通过过滤有效去除存活白细胞（可去除超过对数3的白细胞）将防止巨细胞病毒感染的传播，即使使用血清学阳性献血者的血液也是如此。无论如何，所有针对风险群体的细胞血液制品都必须进行过滤，以避免HLA免疫和移植物抗宿主反应。由于这种过滤似乎能防止巨细胞病毒的传播，因此筛查献血者抗巨细胞病毒抗体的费用是不必要的开支。
