Sugawara Y, Okamoto Y, Sawahata T, Tanaka K
Toxicology Laboratory, Toray Industries, Inc., Otsu, Japan.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1993;100(2):190-6. doi: 10.1159/000236408.
Skin reactivity in guinea pigs sensitized with 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) has been examined. For sensitization, guinea pigs were treated daily with a 10% TDI solution in ethyl acetate by intranasal application for 5 consecutive days. Local application of TDI onto the flank skin of these TDI-sensitized animals resulted in an immediate development of the flare-and-wheal reaction at the site of application. The extent of the skin response was dependent on the concentration of TDI used for provocation. It was also demonstrated that the skin reactivity was successfully transferred to untreated animals by injecting sera obtained from actively sensitized animals. However, heat treatment of sensitized sera resulted in a slight, but not significant decrease in its ability to sensitize recipient animals. Histological examination revealed degranulation of mast cells and infiltration of basophils and eosinophils in the superficial dermis as the characteristics of the skin reaction in the immediate and late phase, respectively. Pretreatment of TDI-sensitized animals with dexamethasone, a steroidal agent, mepyramine, an antagonist of the histamine H1 receptor, or several antiallergic agents including ketotifen, azelastine and oxatomide resulted in a significant inhibition of the skin reactivity. However, some antiallergic agents such as tranilast, ibuzilast and DSCG were not effective in inhibiting this skin reactivity.
对用2,4 - 甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）致敏的豚鼠的皮肤反应性进行了研究。为进行致敏，连续5天每天通过鼻内给药用10% TDI的乙酸乙酯溶液处理豚鼠。将TDI局部应用于这些TDI致敏动物的胁腹皮肤，在应用部位立即出现风团和潮红反应。皮肤反应的程度取决于用于激发的TDI浓度。还证明，通过注射从主动致敏动物获得的血清，皮肤反应性可成功转移至未处理的动物。然而，对致敏血清进行热处理导致其使受体动物致敏的能力略有下降，但不显著。组织学检查显示，肥大细胞脱颗粒以及嗜碱性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞浸润分别是皮肤反应急性期和晚期的特征。用甾体类药物地塞米松、组胺H1受体拮抗剂美吡拉敏或几种抗过敏药物（包括酮替芬、氮卓斯汀和奥沙米特）对TDI致敏动物进行预处理，可显著抑制皮肤反应性。然而，一些抗过敏药物如曲尼司特、异丁司特和色甘酸钠在抑制这种皮肤反应性方面无效。
