Nuclear localization of soluble CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase.

The soluble form of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase, which has previously been assumed to be cytosolic, has been localized to the nucleus of several cell types. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy indicated a nuclear location in HepG2, NIH-3T3, and L-cells. A comparison of the fluorescence pattern of wild-type CHO cells with a cytidylyltransferase-deficient mutant provided genetic evidence that cytidylyltransferase is nuclear in CHO cells. The enzyme is also predominantly nuclear in rat liver, as revealed by staining frozen sections of that tissue. When L-cells were fractionated by enucleation, over 95% of cytidylyltransferase activity was found in the nuclear fraction, providing biochemical evidence for a nuclear location in these cells. In light of the demonstration that the membrane-bound cytidylyltransferase in CHO cells is associated with the nuclear envelope (Watkins, J. D., and Kent, C. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 5686-5692), these results suggest that this enzyme is predominantly an intranuclear enzyme.