阿奇霉素、利福布汀和利福喷汀用于环孢素处理的大鼠鸟分枝杆菌复合体感染的治疗和预防
Azithromycin, rifabutin, and rifapentine for treatment and prophylaxis of Mycobacterium avium complex in rats treated with cyclosporine.
作者信息
Brown S T, Edwards F F, Bernard E M, Tong W, Armstrong D
机构信息
Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10021.
出版信息
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993 Mar;37(3):398-402. doi: 10.1128/AAC.37.3.398.
Azithromycin, rifabutin, and rifapentine were used to treat or prevent disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections produced in rats immunosuppressed with cyclosporine. Animals with bacteremic infections were treated 1 week after intravenous inoculation with 10(7) CFU of MAC with azithromycin, 100 mg/kg of body weight administered subcutaneously for 5 days and then 75 mg/kg on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, or with rifabutin or rifapentine, 20 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally on Monday through Friday. All three drugs showed efficacy after 1 and 2 months. Rifabutin cleared the organisms from tissues more rapidly than azithromycin or rifapentine. To approximate prophylaxis, treatment was started 2 weeks before intravenous inoculation with 10(4) organisms. MAC infections were undetectable in treated animals after 4 months, while control animals had disseminated infections. These findings support the rationale for clinical trials of treatment and prophylaxis with these agents. The cyclosporine-treated rat appears to be a useful model in which to evaluate compounds for the treatment and prophylaxis of disseminated MAC infections.
阿奇霉素、利福布汀和利福喷汀被用于治疗或预防用环孢素免疫抑制的大鼠所产生的播散性鸟分枝杆菌复合体（MAC）感染。菌血症感染的动物在静脉接种10⁷CFU的MAC后1周开始治疗，用阿奇霉素，100mg/kg体重皮下给药5天，然后在周一、周三和周五给予75mg/kg，或用利福布汀或利福喷汀，20mg/kg在周一至周五腹腔内给药。所有三种药物在1个月和2个月后均显示出疗效。利福布汀比阿奇霉素或利福喷汀更快地从组织中清除病原体。为了近似预防，在静脉接种10⁴个菌体前2周开始治疗。4个月后，治疗动物中未检测到MAC感染，而对照动物出现了播散性感染。这些发现支持了用这些药物进行治疗和预防临床试验的理论依据。环孢素处理的大鼠似乎是一种有用的模型，可用于评估治疗和预防播散性MAC感染的化合物。
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