Cohn J A
J Nurse Midwifery. 1993 Mar-Apr;38(2):65-85. doi: 10.1016/0091-2182(93)90140-c.
Research into the biology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the immunopathogenesis of HIV disease, is proceeding rapidly. New therapies are being developed based on this new knowledge. Meanwhile, the proportion of women in the United States with AIDS is rising, and heterosexual spread is the fastest rising mode of transmission. Overall survival with HIV and AIDS appears to be similar in women and men receiving similar treatment. However, the results of several population-based studies indicate that women are less likely to have received antiretroviral therapy than have men. Gynecologic complications of HIV, including recurrent and refractory vaginal candidiasis and an increased frequency of cervical dysplasia and carcinoma, have only recently been recognized. There are still little data on the effect of pregnancy on the course of HIV disease in women. The implications of current knowledge for prevention and treatment of HIV in women are discussed.
对人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）生物学及HIV疾病免疫发病机制的研究进展迅速。基于这些新知识，新的疗法正在研发中。与此同时，美国患艾滋病的女性比例在上升，异性传播是增长最快的传播方式。接受相似治疗的HIV感染者和艾滋病患者中，女性和男性的总体生存率似乎相近。然而，多项基于人群的研究结果表明，女性接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的可能性低于男性。HIV的妇科并发症，包括复发性和难治性阴道念珠菌病以及宫颈发育异常和癌症发病率增加，直到最近才被认识到。关于妊娠对女性HIV疾病病程影响的数据仍然很少。本文讨论了当前知识对女性HIV预防和治疗的意义。
