Characterization of organophosphorus hydrolases and the genetic manipulation of the phosphotriesterase from Pseudomonas diminuta.

There are a variety of enzymes which are specifically capable of hydrolyzing organophosphorus esters with different phosphoryl bonds from the typical phosphotriester bonds of common insecticidal neurotoxins (e.g. paraoxon or coumaphos) to the phosphonate-fluoride bonds of chemical warfare agents (e.g. soman or sarin). These enzymes comprise a diverse set of enzymes whose basic architecture and substrate specificities vary dramatically, yet they appear to be ubiquitous throughout nature. The most thoroughly studied of these enzymes is the organophosphate hydrolase (opd gene product) of Pseudomonas diminuta and Flavobacterium sp. ATCC 27551, and the heterologous expression, post-translational modification, and genetic engineering studies undertaken with this enzyme are described.