Dosemeci M, Chen J Q, Hearl F, Chen R G, McCawley M, Wu Z, McLaughlin J K, Peng K L, Chen A L, Rexing S H
Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
Am J Ind Med. 1993 Jul;24(1):55-66. doi: 10.1002/ajim.4700240106.
A quantitative retrospective exposure assessment method was developed for use in a nested case-control study of lung cancer among mine and pottery workers exposed to silica dust in the People's Republic of China. Exposure assessment was carried out in 20 mines (10 tungsten, 6 iron/copper, and 4 tin) and nine pottery factories. A job title dictionary was developed and used in both the collection of historical exposure information and work histories of 1,668 (316 cases and 1,352 controls) study subjects. Several data abstraction forms were developed to collect historical and current exposure information and employees' work histories, starting in 1950. A retrospective exposure matrix was developed on the basis of facility/job title/calendar year combinations using available historical exposure information and current exposure profiles. Information on the amount of respirable, thoracic, and free silica content in total dust was used in estimating exposure to silica. Starting in 1950, 6,805 historical estimates had been carried out for 14 calendar-year periods. We estimated the average total dust concentration to be 9 mg/M3, with a range from 28 mg/M3 in earlier years to 3 mg/M3 in recent years. Several exposure indices [such as cumulative dust, average dust, cumulative respirable (< 5 mu in particle size) and thoracic (< 10 mu in particle size) silica dust, average respirable and thoracic silica dust, exposure-weighted duration, and the highest/longest exposure] were calculated for individuals by merging work history and historical exposure matrix for each study subject. We developed these various measures of exposure to allow investigators to compare and contrast different indices of historical exposure to silica.
在中国，为一项针对接触二氧化硅粉尘的矿工和陶工肺癌的巢式病例对照研究，开发了一种定量回顾性暴露评估方法。在20个矿山（10个钨矿、6个铁/铜矿和4个锡矿）和9个陶瓷厂进行了暴露评估。编制了一份职位词典，并用于收集1668名（316例病例和1352名对照）研究对象的历史暴露信息和工作经历。开发了几种数据提取表，用于收集始于1950年的历史和当前暴露信息以及员工的工作经历。利用现有的历史暴露信息和当前暴露概况，根据工厂/职位/历年组合编制了回顾性暴露矩阵。在估算二氧化硅暴露量时，使用了总粉尘中可吸入、胸腔和游离二氧化硅含量的信息。从1950年开始，针对14个历年期间进行了6805次历史暴露估算。我们估计平均总粉尘浓度为9毫克/立方米，范围从早些年的28毫克/立方米到近年来的3毫克/立方米。通过合并每个研究对象的工作经历和历史暴露矩阵，为个体计算了几种暴露指数[如累积粉尘、平均粉尘、累积可吸入（粒径<5微米）和胸腔（粒径<10微米）二氧化硅粉尘、平均可吸入和胸腔二氧化硅粉尘、暴露加权持续时间以及最高/最长暴露]。我们制定了这些不同的暴露测量方法，以便研究人员能够比较和对比不同的二氧化硅历史暴露指数。
