Ferguson E L, Gibson R S, Opare-Obisaw C, Ounpuu S, Thompson L U, Lehrfeld J
Division of Applied Human Nutrition, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
J Nutr. 1993 Sep;123(9):1487-96. doi: 10.1093/jn/123.9.1487.
The zinc nutrition of rural Malawian children (24 females, 33 males; age 62 +/- 10 mo) consuming cereal-based diets was compared with that of rural Ghanaian children (43 females, 33 males; age 59 +/- 10 mo) consuming cereals or starchy staples, using hair zinc concentrations, growth and body composition indices, and dietary intakes. Intakes of energy, protein, Ca, Zn, dietary fiber and phytate at two seasons of the year were estimated from 3-d weighed food records, using analyzed and literature food composition values. The mean annual intakes of energy (5419 +/- 1081 vs. 4698 +/- 885 kJ), protein (31.8 +/- 7.0 vs. 24.1 +/- 6.8 g), Zn (7.4 +/- 1.9 vs. 5.1 +/- 1.1 mg) and phytate (1899 +/- 590 vs. 604 +/- 151 mg), and the mean molar ratios of [phytate]/[Zn] and [Ca] x [phytate]/[Zn] mmol per MJ (25 +/- 4 vs. 12 +/- 2 and 44 +/- 13 vs 20 +/- 8 mmol/MJ), were higher for Malawian than for Ghanaian children. More Malawian than Ghanaian children had [phytate]/[Zn] > or = 15 (72% vs. 0%) and were severely stunted (57 vs. 28%). Ninety-four percent of children in Malawi and 83% in the Ghanaian village of Slepor had low hair Zn concentrations (< 1.68 mumol/g) compared with 39% in Gidantuba, Ghana. In Gidantuba, children with low hair Zn concentrations had low upper-arm-muscle-area-for-age and upper-arm-muscle-area-for-height Z-scores. The high intakes of phytic acid relative to zinc in Malawi suggest that these children were at greater risk for inadequate zinc nutriture than their Ghanaian counterparts.
通过头发锌浓度、生长和身体成分指标以及膳食摄入量，对食用谷类食物的马拉维农村儿童（24名女性，33名男性；年龄62±10个月）和食用谷类或淀粉类主食的加纳农村儿童（43名女性，33名男性；年龄59±10个月）的锌营养状况进行了比较。根据3天称重食物记录，利用分析得出的和文献中的食物成分值，估算了一年中两个季节的能量、蛋白质、钙、锌、膳食纤维和植酸摄入量。马拉维儿童的年平均能量摄入量（5419±1081 vs. 4698±885千焦）、蛋白质摄入量（31.8±7.0 vs. 24.1±6.8克）、锌摄入量（7.4±1.9 vs. 5.1±1.1毫克）和植酸摄入量（1899±590 vs. 604±151毫克），以及平均摩尔比[植酸]/[锌]和[钙]×[植酸]/[锌]每兆焦耳毫摩尔数（25±4 vs. 12±2和44±13 vs 20±8毫摩尔/兆焦耳）均高于加纳儿童。马拉维儿童中[植酸]/[锌]≥15的比例（72% vs. 0%）高于加纳儿童，且严重发育迟缓的比例（57 vs. 28%）也更高。与加纳吉丹图巴39%的儿童相比，马拉维94%的儿童和加纳斯莱波尔村83%的儿童头发锌浓度较低（<1.68微摩尔/克）。在吉丹图巴，头发锌浓度低的儿童年龄别上臂肌肉面积和身高别上臂肌肉面积的Z评分较低。马拉维儿童相对于锌的植酸摄入量较高，这表明这些儿童比加纳儿童面临锌营养不足的风险更大。
