Humphrey L J, Volenec P J, Volenec F J, Cross D
J Surg Oncol. 1977;9(1):29-37. doi: 10.1002/jso.2930090106.
Recent studies have shown that antibody in the serum of patients with carcinoma of the breast reacts with two distinct antigens obtained from breast cancer tissue. Hence, there are two antibodies. The first antibody reacts against the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin and is also found in the sera of patients with benign breast disease and certain inflammatory lesions and, therefore, does not seem to have any significant meaning for the patient with carcinoma of the breast. The second antibody is directed against the Fab fragment of human immunoglobulin that is found in breast cancer tissue. Recent experiments have shown that in immunodiffusion tests, this autoantibody reacts not with normal IgG(Fab), but rather with heat-aggregated Ig(Fab). It is thought that tumor-associated antibodies react with antigens on the tumor cell surface. Intracellular enzymes then proceed to fragment the attached antibody, leaving the Fab fragments attached on the cell surface. With intact immunosurveillance, the host appreciates this altered immunoglobulin (Fab). It is suggested that the autoantibody then formed against this fragment reacts with the fragment attached to the tumor cell, thereby allowing the tumor cell to be destroyed. Clinical data supporting this hypothesis are derived from the fact that 9 patients having this autoantibody to the Fab fragment are alive at 1 year after their carcinoma of the breast.
最近的研究表明，乳腺癌患者血清中的抗体与从乳腺癌组织中获得的两种不同抗原发生反应。因此，存在两种抗体。第一种抗体与免疫球蛋白的Fc片段发生反应，在患有良性乳腺疾病和某些炎症性病变的患者血清中也能发现，所以对于乳腺癌患者似乎没有任何显著意义。第二种抗体针对的是乳腺癌组织中发现的人免疫球蛋白的Fab片段。最近的实验表明，在免疫扩散试验中，这种自身抗体不与正常IgG（Fab）发生反应，而是与热聚集的Ig（Fab）发生反应。据认为，肿瘤相关抗体与肿瘤细胞表面的抗原发生反应。细胞内酶随后会将附着的抗体裂解，使Fab片段附着在细胞表面。在免疫监视功能完好的情况下，宿主会识别这种改变的免疫球蛋白（Fab）。有人提出，随后针对该片段形成的自身抗体与附着在肿瘤细胞上的片段发生反应，从而使肿瘤细胞被破坏。支持这一假说的临床数据来自于这样一个事实，即9名对Fab片段有这种自身抗体的患者在患乳腺癌1年后仍然存活。
