Mueller-Marquez B J
Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 1993 Sep-Oct;10(5):5-6. doi: 10.1177/104990919301000504.
Since the development of the hospice movement in the United States, care of the terminally ill has undergone vital change. This change involves the alternative of home care for the terminally ill. It allows the patients, the primary caregiver, and the rest of the family to be in control of care. As stated by Masters, hospice is unique in that the patient and family controls the environment, and lifestyle, including treatment modalities, more than in any other concept in health care. Hospice was developed to give people with a terminal illness an option to traditional medicine. Hospice is a concept of care that has been established to improve the quality of life of the terminally ill. Therefore, the ultimate goal of hospice care is to enhance the quality of life of patients with terminal illness, mainly cancer. In the hospice setting, the nurse applies a holistic approach when planning and providing primary care. The nurse becomes increasingly more knowledgeable about the problems and strengths of the patient and family to whom he/she is caring for. The nurse must make the transition in her philosophy from cure-to-care in hospice, and symptom control being the nurses' priority in order to enhance the patients quality of life. Curtis and Fernsler explain that hospice care focuses on helping patients to communicate effectively and to share life agendas with their primary caregiver and the hospice nurse. These researchers continue to state that these efforts promote congruence between patient, primary caregiver, and the hospice nurses' view of the patients quality of life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
自美国临终关怀运动兴起以来，绝症患者的护理发生了重大变化。这种变化涉及到为绝症患者提供居家护理的选择。它使患者、主要照料者和家庭其他成员能够掌控护理。正如马斯特斯所说，临终关怀的独特之处在于，患者和家庭对环境及生活方式（包括治疗方式）的掌控程度超过了医疗保健中的任何其他理念。临终关怀的发展是为绝症患者提供了一种替代传统医学的选择。临终关怀是一种已确立的护理理念，旨在提高绝症患者的生活质量。因此，临终关怀的最终目标是提高绝症患者，主要是癌症患者的生活质量。在临终关怀环境中，护士在规划和提供初级护理时采用整体护理方法。护士对其所护理的患者及其家庭的问题和优势了解得越来越多。在临终关怀中，护士必须在理念上从治愈转向护理，将症状控制作为首要任务，以提高患者的生活质量。柯蒂斯和弗恩斯勒解释说，临终关怀护理侧重于帮助患者进行有效沟通，并与主要照料者及临终关怀护士分享生活计划。这些研究人员还指出，这些努力促进了患者、主要照料者和临终关怀护士对患者生活质量看法的一致性。（摘要截选至250字）
